How to Build a Personal Computer 2023

1. INTRO: By learning how to build a PC at pragmatic learning, you will learn components, specifications, how they work, and practical application. So you can take your knowledge into the real-world for a life changing experience. Wanted to build a PC and don't know where to start. But look no further. In this course, the following topics will be taught to get you up on going with the knowledge you need to VR, system assembly, PC coolant on how to install Windows from scratch. This course is for anyone with no prior knowledge or anyone with knowledge, what needs an update on the latest technology, the requirements before beginning the course. Or if Philip screwdriver, needle nose pliers, anti-static mat and rest drop a USB drive, 8 gb and above, under computer parts required to build a PC for the class project, students are required to follow the steps necessary to build a PC. In the end of the course, you will be able to build a PC of your dessert with confidence. So let's get started. Shall we? 2. COMPUTER ASSEMBLY: Actually assembling the system is easy after you have lined up all the components. In fact, you will find a path procurement phase, the lengthiest and trying of the entire experience computing system is basically a matter of screwing everything together, plugged in and all the cables and connectors and configuring everything to operate properly. In short order, you will find out whether your system operates as you had planned, or whether some incompatibilities exist between some of the components. Be careful and pay attention to how you install all the components. It is easy to forget a jumper, switch or cable connection that later causes problems in system operation. Most people's first reaction when problems are cool is to blame defective hardware, but that is usually not the source. The problem can typically be traced to some misstep or our meat in the assembly process. Above all, the most crucial rule of assembling your own system is to save every piece of documentation and software that comes with every component in your system. This material can be indispensable and troubleshooting problems you encounter during the assembly process or later. You should also retain all the packing materials used. May order components to you until you are certain they will not have to be retuned. The process of physically assembling EPC requires only a few basic tools. A quarter inch nut driver or a Phillips head screwdriver for the external screws that hold the cover in place. And interests 16 inch nut driver of Phillips head screwdriver for all the other schools, needle nose pliers can also help in removing motherboard standoffs, jumpers, and stub on cable connectors. Because of marketplace standardization, only a couple of types and sizes of screws, with a few exceptions, hold a system together. Also, the physical arrangement of the major components is similar, even among different manufacturers or tools, you will need a software related, you will need an operating system installed desk or ISO. And it is a good idea to have disks handy with any service packs, drivers, or other software you will want to install the following sections covered assembly and disassembly procedures for these components, motherboard keys or cover assembly, power supply drives, and adopted boards. As you prepare to install your systems motherboard, unpack the motherboard. Check to ensure that you have everything that should be included. If you purchase a new board, you typically get at least the motherboard, the input output shield, some IO cables on a manual, if you are installing one or more video cards that have cooling shrouds, make sure that you have access to other slots if you needed to add additional cards or header cables that use expansion slot brackets. Many mid-range and high performance cards have coolants roads wide enough to prevent the use of the adjacent expansion slots. When you are working on the internal components of a computer, you must take the necessary precautions prevent accidental static discharge is to the components at anytime your body can hold a large static voltage charge that can easily damaged components of your system. Before I ever put my hands into an open system, I touched a bare metal grounded portion of the chassis, such as the internal frame or the power supply keys. This action serves to equalize the electrical charges the device on my body might be carrying. Be sure the system is unplugged during all phases of the assembly process. Some will claim that you should leave the system plugged in to provide an ERD grown to the power cord and outlet, but that is unnecessary. If you leave the system plugged in, you open yourself up to other problems, such as accidentally turn it on or leaving it on when installing a board or device which can damage the motherboard or other devices, power supply is used in many systems study, deliver a plus 5 v current to the motherboard continuously. That is, whenever they are plugged in bottom line and show that any system you are working on is completely unplugged from the wall outlet. It can take as much as 5 s for Paul to completely drain from the system. Some motherboards have a small LED does stays lit as long as power is present in the system. After you disconnect pore to the motherboard, make sure the LED turns off before you start to work with the motherboard or its components. A more sophisticated way to equalize the charge is between you and any of the system components is to use an electrostatic discharge Protection Kit. These kits consist of a wrist strap and Matt with ground wires for attachments to the system chassis. When you are going to work on a system, you place them next to the system units. Next, you clip the ground wire to both the mud and on unimpeded part of the systems chassis tie into groans together. You then put the wrist strap and touched that wire to either the chassis or the maths. If you are using a wrist strap without a minute, clip the wrist strap wire to the system chassis when clip and these wires to the chassis, be sure to use an area that is free of paint. So good ground contact can be achieved. As you install or remove drives, adapter cards, and especially delicate items such as the entire motherboard, memory modules or processors. You should place these components under static mat. Sometimes people put the system unit on top of the mat, but the unit should be alongside the mat. So you have room to lay out all the components as you work with them. If you are going to remove the motherboard from a system, be sure you leave enough room for it on the mat. If you do not have such a market place, the removed circuits and devices on a clean desk or table always pick up a loose Up Dakar by the metal bracket used to secure the card to the system in this bracket is tied to the growing circuitry of the car. So by touching the bracket first, you prevent a discharged from damaging the components of the car if the circuit board has no metal bracket in motherboard, e.g. handle the board carefully by the edges and try not to touch any of the connectors or components. If you don't have proper ESD equipment such as a wrist strap or Matt, be sure to periodically touch the chassis. Why the working inside the system to equalize any charge you might have built up. 3. INSTALLING THE CPU AND HEATSINK: Before you install your new motherboard, you should install the processor and the memory. This usually is much easier to do before the board is installed in the chassis. Some motherboards have jumpers dot control, both the CPU speed and a voltage is applied to it. If these are set incorrectly, the system might not operate up with a radically or might even damage the CPU. Modern birds control voltages either automatically or via the bios setup program. If you have questions about the proper settings, check the board and processor documentation. All processes 30 run hot enough to require some form of heat sink to dissipate heat from the processor, to install the processor and the heat sink, use the following procedure. Prepare the motherboard, take the new motherboard out of the anti-static bag. It was applied in and set it on the bug or the anti-static mat. If you have one, install the processor, first, find pin one on the processor. It is usually denoted by a corner of the chip that is marked by a triangle. Next, remove the cover from the processes socket, if so, equipped and find the corresponding pin one or land one of the socket for the CPU on the motherboard. It also is usually marked on the board or with a bevel in one corner of the socket. Insert the CPU into the socket by lifting the released lever until it is vertical, then are lined up pins, all lands on the processor with the holes opens in the sockets. Japan dong into place. If the processor does not seem want to jump in all the, we remove it to check the proper alignment and any bent pins. When the processor is fully seated in the socket, push down the lock-in lever on the socket until it latches to secure the processor. Apply thermal paste. New ritual processes usually come with heat sinks that have pre-op lighting, thermal paste. Some vendors covered a piece with protective tip that must be removed before installing the heat sink. You cannot be used to make peace if it is damaged or FDA heat sink has already been installed once the existent tomato paste must be cleaned off, Andrea applied to do this, use a soft towel or clot to remove the previous piece from the heat sink and the top of the processor, apply new paste to the top of the processor heat spreader, which is the metal cup. Use the smallest among two, you can spread over the top of the chip, usually in an x fashion. Install the heat sink. Some heat sinks use one or more retainer clips with this type, you must be careful we're not touching the clip to the socket. You don't want it to scrape against the motherboard, which can damage circuitry sees or components. He also needed to keep the heat sink steady on the chip while at touching the clips. So do not move, tilt or slightly the heat sink while you attach it, connect the fan plugged of fun power connector into the CPU fan connectors applied on the motherboard, which should be near the processor socket. Optionally, some heat sinks use a peripheral pro connector for fun poor wrote the fun wires such that they won't interfere with the fun or any other components. Configure the motherboard jumpers if necessary. Although motherboards used jumpers to configure processor on the bus speeds, while some newer motherboards use jumpers to configure integrated video, refer to the motherboard manufacturers manual to set the jumpers, if any, to match the CPU you are going to install. In modern systems, the processor configuration is done via the motherboard bios setup. 4. INSTALLING MEMORY MODULES: To function, the motherboard must have memory installed on it. Usually you install modules and the lowest numbered sockets or bunks first, note that multi-channel boards perform best if modules are installed in matched multiples, consult the motherboard documentation for more information on which sockets to use first and in what order and how to install the specific modules the board uses, because memory modules are keyed to the sockets by a notch on the side or bottom. They can go in only one way. The motherboard attaches to the case with one or more schools and standoffs or spaces. If you are using a new keys, you might have to attach one or more standoffs in the proper holes before you can install the motherboard, use the following procedure to install the new motherboard. In the case, find the holes in the new motherboard standoffs. You should install standoffs in the chassis wherever there is a match and screw hole in the motherboard, note that screw holes typically have a room of soda, solid or dotted around them, which acts as a Gandhian points. Sometimes boards have other holes that are not designed for screws. These will not have the growing part or should not be used as the metal standoff or school. Screw any standoffs into the new keys in the proper positions to align with the schools in the motor board. After you insert the standoffs on line them up with the schools on the motherboard carefully attach the screws to secure the motherboard, the motherboard tree or keys, dependent on your chassis design. Install the IO shield into the chassis by snapping it into place from the inside of the keys, installed a new motherboard into the keys or the motor boat Tree, either screw it directly to the standoffs are slider standoffs already attached to the board by sliding the entire board into position, be sure you align the IO shield with the case or ports on the back of the board with the IOC already in the keys. Often you will have to set the board into the keys and slide it sideways to engage the standoffs into the slots and the keys when the board is in the proper position, the screw holes in the board should be aligned with all the metals, standoffs, or screw holes in the keys. Take the screws that was applied with the new motherboard and screw the board into the keys. 5. PREPARING A MODULAR POWER SUPPLY: If you have a modular power supply, that is one that uses detachable keyboards to provide power to different mixtures of PCIe and SATA hard disks, you need to determine the power connectors you need and attach the appropriate modular power leads, e.g. if the power supply has a built-in PCIe times 16 connector for a high performance video card. But you are using two cards that require additional power, connect a modular PCIe times 16 power lead. The power supply is easy to install on as usual. Touches to the chassis with four screws. Etx style motherboards have 20 or 24 pen main power connector plus a four or eight pins CPU power connector, Botha. So they can only go in one week to attach the poor connectors from the power supply to the motherboard, do the following. Plugged at 24% or 20 pen main ATX power supply connector into the motherboard power socket. You can plug a 20 pin connector into a 24 point socket and vice versa by connecting them in an offset fashion. Or you can use cables adapters to meet them up. Most edX systems use a for each x 12 v or eight pin EPS 12 volt connector connect a poor lead from the power supply to the CPU. Fun, if the motherboard does not have a CPU fan power connector. 6. CONNECTING I.O: You must make several connections between the motherboard and the case. These include LEDs for the hard disk and poor unintentional speaker connection, a reset button, and a power button. Most modern motherboards also have several bits in IO ports that have to be connected. Some boards also include additional items such as built-in video or song adopters. If w is an ATX type, the connectors for all the external IO ports are already built into the rear of the board. Use the following procedure to connect the cables needed for Onboard IO. Connect the Serial ATA cables to the drives and host adapter ports on the motherboard. Or touch the front panel switch, LED internal speaker wires, and front mounted ports, such as USB and audio from the case front panel to the motherboard. If they are not marked on the board, check where each one is on the diagram in the motor board manual. Unfortunately, even though standards for these types of connection exists, many motherboard and chassis manufacturers do not follow the industry standards. And you might find some frustration in getting these connections right. At this point, you should install your hard drive or drives and solid state drives. Before you physically install a drive in the computer, you must ensure that it is properly configured. Serial ATA jives generally don't require a jumper configuration because Serial ATA jives connect to the Sutta host in a point-to-point configuration using a dedicated cable. There is no master, slave or cables electricity and as there is with parallel ATA drives, note however, that some SATA hard disk drives, my toddler jumpers to help solve compatibility issues, such as to configure a six gigabits per second interface p.sit drive into the slower 1.5 gigabits per second or gigabits per second modes to walk our own problems, which some older satyr whose adopters, some computer cases use plastic or metal rails that are secured to the sides of a j, so it can slide into the B and the chassis. Or our case designs have drive-bys directly accept the GI via screws to the side. Supports are no other hardware as necessary. Some cases have two or three designs with slide and latches to secure jobs without schools. Still others use a cage management in which you first install the jives into a cage and then slider cage into the case if your keys uses the reals or leakage, These are usually included with the keys, with the proper mountain mechanisms applied via keys, all you need is the bear drive to install many hard disk drives. Climate special short lengths cuz that may have the same size strength as other schools you might use in your system. But these groups should not be interchanged. If you use crews that are too long, they might protrude too far into the drive kicks in and cause problems. The step-by-step procedure for installing jives is as follows. Sata drives typically do not require jumper configuration. However, in some six gigabits per second or gigabits per second jives. You may need to set a jump or to force the drive to 1.5 gigabits per second mode for compatibility with older 1.5 gigabits per second host adopters slide there, drive into unavailable Dr. B and a security using the screws, rails or brackets provided with either drive or chassis, connect the SATA data cable between the drive and the host adapter. Such a poor connected to the drive. Some SATA drives have both conventional fopen peripheral poor connectors, as well as subtle 15 pin poor connectors, in which case you can use one or the other, but not both simultaneously. If your DR setup or connector on your power supply does not have such a poor connectors available, you might need to purchase a peripheral to setup our cable adapter if one was not provided with to drive, this type of adapter changes the standard for pain. Peripheral pore connects to a 15th pins such a poor conductor. If necessary. You can also use a y splitter cable to create Tupac connectors from one. Some computers have fewer poor connectors than driving. Follow these steps to install a video card into a system if necessary, remove the screw and slot cover behind the expansion slot. You want to use the new video card for. If the card uses a coolant find that requires a second and sparser slot for eggs or remove the adjacent slot cover slider video cut straight down into the slot where it will be installed. Typically a PCI Express slots push Dakar don't into the slot using a front-to-back rocking motion if necessary, to get the AD connector to slide into the slot. Not many PCI Express cards feature every tenant tab at the end of the connector, which helps to secure the card in the slot. Several types of routine or designs are used and you will need to disengage this beauty. And I'm going to move into car if the car requires power connected the appropriate Paul lead from the power supply. Most recent high-end PCIe times 16 video cards use six pin PCIe or six plus two or eight pin PCIe polar leads if you are installing, is second video card for use in an envy link or Crossfire configuration. Keep in mind that the second car might block the adjacent expansion slot. However, when the second PCIe times 60 card is installed, it schoolish or blocks the space that a PCI card would have used. Thus, you might have fewer available slots than you expected. Use. Either the screw moved during removal of the old car or the screw used in step one to fasten the card into place. If you are installing two or more cards in an envelope link or Crossfire configuration, repeat steps one to five for the additional cards. If the envy link or crosswalk configuration requires you to touch a bridge between the cards are touched. The bridge attached the video cable from the monitor to the proper connector at the rear of the monitor. If the car uses a DVI, HDMI or display port connector under monitor uses the standard pin VGA connector. Use an appropriate adapter which may be provided with a video card, are available separately from stores. That's taught computer parts. If you're building a dual display system, Be sure to plug in your primary and secondary displeased to the appropriate connectors. If you are replacing an existing video card or switching from onboard video to an add-in video card. Remove the existing installed video Java before pouring down to install the new car. This helps prevent the system from improperly identifying a new video card and mixed for a smoother upgrade. To do this, open the windows Device Manager, select the existing Display Adapter under select, Remove or uninstall. Do not. You boot the system if asked, instead, poured down and removed existing video card, then installed a new video card after the entire system is assembled. When the system boots up, windows should detect the new video card and automatically begin the installation process. At that point, follow the manufacturer's instructions for installing the latest video drivers for the new video card. After the video card drivers are installed, you can use the window display properties to fine tune its settings for resolution, color, depth, or refresh rate if desired, many systems use additional expansion cards for networking, song, the other functions, these cards are plugged into the bus slots present on the motherboard to install these cards, follow these steps. Insert each car by Julio, it carefully by the edges. Be sure not to touch the chips on the circuitry, puts the bottom edge finger connector into the appropriate open slot, which will be the PCI or PCI Express, firmly press down on the top of the car, exerting even pressure until it snaps into place, secure each card bracket with a screw or touch any internal cables you might have removed earlier from the cards. If the car requires additional power connected, the appropriate poor lead from the power supply. If you have multiple slots to choose from, try to consider airflow when choosing the SLA to install a particular car. Some cases, you might want to leave blank slots between cards or group all the cards away from any video cards that might be installed because video cards generally create more heat than all the other cards combine. Know the system should be nearly assembled. All that remains is installing the cover assembly and connecting any external devices that are cabled to the system. This normally includes a keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers, and a network cables. I usually do not like to install the case covers Cruz until I have tested a system and make sure that everything is working properly. 7. SYSTEM STARTUP: At this point, you are ready to pour on the system for the first time to prepare for this, connect the following keyboard, most Display and power. Note that I did not include connecting in network cable. I usually recommend you do that after the operating system has been installed along with any updates. And after you haven't showed, you are either behind a router or have the operating systems built-in firewall to end on, know that everything is connected. You can pull up the system on a random bios setup program. This enables you to configure the motherboard to access to install devices and set the system date and time the system post. Pour on self-test also runs to determine whether any major problems exist. To run the bios setup and configure the system, do the following. Paul on the monitor first and then the system unit observed the operation via the screen and listen for any bibs from the system speaker inverse system should automatically go to a post consistent of video bios, check-in, a RAM test, unusually uninstalled components report if a fatal error occurs during the post, you might not see anything on-screen under system might deep several times indicating a specific problem. Check the motherboard bios documentation to determine what the beep codes mean if there are no fatal errors, you should see the post the split onscreen dependent on the type of motherboard bios or UEFI use, such as Phoenix, AMI, award or others. You have to press a key to enter up the normal boot sequence and get to the bios setup program screens that enable you to enter important system information. Normally the system indicates via the on-screen display which key to press to activate the bios or UEFI setup program during the post. But if not, check the motherboard manual for the key or keys to press to enter setup command keys that are used to enter bios or UEFI setup our F1, F2, Delete key, F ten, escape key and insert key, press the appropriate key to enter the bios setup when prompted because the post and modern motherboards is so fast, it is easy to miss the time you are supposed to press the key. So I usually start tapping the key repeatedly just a second or two after pouring on. In some cases, this can generate a keyboard error message. You can ignore us. The bios setup screen appears, you should know be in the bios setup if you didn't press the key in time, we said the system and try again, check the bios version reported on the main setup screen and ensure that it is the latest version, if it isn't know, would be a good time to install the updated flush bias image. The easiest method to do a bias upgrade or newer system is via a flash drive contained a bias image. To do this on another system, visit the motherboard manufacturer website under load that that ISO file, burn this image to a flash drive and then place the drive into the USB port of the new system. And you set it, follow the prompts on the screen to complete the bias image. Many motherboards do not support bootable bias upgrades via sutta optical drives. In that situation, you must perform the upgrade via a Windows-based executable or a bootable USB flash drive. Check the various bios setup screens to ensure your processor and a memory are being properly record dies and supported. Check CPU type speed, cache to terrorism, to a channel mood and so on. This able, any ports or devices that will not be used, such as serial ports, parallel ports, consumer infrared ports, and so on. Check to see that all the installed drives are being detected. Check the drive configuration. Sure. That the system is set to HCI at a minimum, or even better, ensure that it is set to read mode. I recommend read mode even if you don't plan to use red because it includes all HCI functionality and allows for a future red migration without having to re-install the OS or drivers. This is called Ready. Ready. Set the IDE mode. If you are installed it on older OS that does not have a HCI already drivers. This will unfortunately reduced driver performance because advanced set of features such as MCQ or native command queue and will be disabled. Note, you cannot use IDE mood with an SSD. Check, fan control and hardware monitoring called a PC health on some systems to see that all funds are being recognized and that all the fonts are important proper rotational speeds also observed components temperatures. Note that some components, such as the chipset ICH or I 0 controller hub, I designed it to run from 90 degrees Celsius to 115 degrees Celsius. So high temperatures are normal and even expected for that chip, check memory configuration. I recommend leaving the default auto settings, which will automatically set the memory timing according to the modules you have installed. Check the chipset configuration if you're running Windows Vista are newer. I recommend enabling the HPT or high-precision event timer because it is supported in these versions of Windows, but not in Windows XP in the security menu enables VT of virtualization technology if available. This allows virtualization software such as virtual PC or VM way to use the hardware virtualization secrecy in the chip, which improves the performance of virtualized OSs and applications. In the poem menu, check the ACP I suspend state and showed that it is set to S3, which is a spend to ROM instead of S1, which asleep. The reason is that S3 uses virtually the same amount of power as being completely off, thus saving up to $100 per year or more in energy costs per system. In the boot menu, check the boot order and showing that the optical or USB flash drive precedes the hard disk or solid state drives, which will enable a successful OS installation from CD or DVD or bootable USB flash drive. After you check all the settings in the bios setup, follow the instructions on screen or in the motherboard money. Well, to save this Athens and exit the setup menu at this point, starting with a new drive, you must install the OS if you are using a non Windows OS, followed the documentation for the installation procedures on a newer system in which you are installing Windows, there isn't really anything you need to do other than simply button from the desk or flash drive, you might have to enable the optical or USB drive as a boot device in your bios setup and follow the prompts to install the OS windows automatically recognize whether the hard drive needs to be partitioned, are formatted and allows you to do that at the beginning of the installation, Windows comes with integrated drivers for most newer chip sets. So you should not need additional storage drivers in most cases. However, if the hard drive is not recognized at the start of the OS installed, storage drivers are probably required. You can supply them via optical disk or a USB flash drive. You can also install Windows from a bootable USB flash drive. Installing via a flash drive not only works faster than when using a DVD, but it also enables you to easily install Windows on systems that don't have an optical drive to create a bootable USB drive for installing Windows, you need on 8 gb or larger USB flash drive. It windows IS go from online and an ISO file creation tool, such as Windows USB slash DVD download tool. When you are ready, first download the Windows ISO from the Microsoft website. Then create an ISO file by using an ISO creation tools such as Windows USB DVD download tool. And then use the Windows USB DVD download tool to copy the ISO file to the flash drive will complete. You will have a bootable flash drive that will work just like your original DVD for installing Windows, to install Windows ten from a flash drive or use the Windows download tool utility to prepare the flash drive for use after you have the OS installed, I recommend installing the drivers. In general, older operating systems have fewer drivers included on the installation disk mean and you have to install more drivers after the OS is installed. This often includes chip set J was for your motherboard drivers for newer video cards, sound cards, network cards, and more of these, the motherboard Chipset drivers are the most critical and should be installed first, a disk containing these drivers should have been included with your motherboard. Insert the desk and follow the prompts to install the chipset drivers, then install other drivers, such as video songs and in network. After the important drivers installed, you should install any OS, update that word already integrated into the OS installed desk. For that last step, you will probably need to connect the network cable and go online. If your computer uses a wireless connection, use the operating systems wireless connection manager to connect to the wireless network, provided the SSID and encryption key as prompted, as long as you've installed the latest update, the built-in firewall is turned on by default. After the operating system updates, you can install your favorite applications and put the system in service. No. You have a fully functional PC. 8. DIFFERENT WAYS TO COOL YOUR CASE: Ensuring your computer receives sufficient cooling with PCK is funds isn't rocket science, but it can be tricky. Sure, you could take the maximum power approach of Chavan as many fans as possible into and onto the keys. But that's far from the ideal. There needs to be rhyme or reason to the setup, or else it becomes something holy inefficient. We break down the fundamentals of air cooling your computer so you can avoid a meltdown. Every fun features a cubic feet per minute CFM written, which measures the volume of air it moves in a minute. The greater the CFM, the more a fan moves to properly air cooler computer, you need to have enough case fans to push or pull a N2 and O2 of the keys. More keys fans mean higher total CFM and more air being moved through your computer. Just be mindful of the noise level. Fans can generate quite a bus to avoid making your computer to load, use fewer or quieter funds. Also, flushing multicolored lights shouldn't be the main feature of your case funds. Air travels one week, true? A fun in one side, on all of the other by changing the direction. If one is mounted, it can act as either an intake or exhaust. You should also heat the placement of the funds should travel in a clip-path to the keys. Generally, you want the keys funds in front of the keys drawing in here while the funds or the rear blew out. If your case has vents at the top, they shouldn't be placed as exhaust funds because hot air will rise. Side mounted funds should be used for intake. They often don't have air filters to prevent dust issues. You can custom fabricated your own filters. Speaking of dust, you want to make sure that your computer remains as free as possible. Otherwise, all the airflow in the world won't help much to cool down your components to reduce dust in the keys, ensure that the air going into the keys first passes through a filter. Many cases have removable filters. By leaving filter's dirty or covered in dust, you reduce airflow and cooling power aside from fan and events, the other major points of interest include the many small gaps in the chassis and adjoining pieces. You can't really control airflow at these points unless you want to put Culkin or sealant into your keys. Optimal air pressure with a computer keys is one of the most discussed and debated topics in computer cooling. In simple terms, a computer keys can either have positive air pressure where the case fans push more air into the case, then pull out. So there is more air pressure inside of the keys, neutral pressure, where air pressure in the keys is equal to air pressure outside of the keys. This is difficult to attain unless you leave the keys coupon and a negative pressure where more is being pulled out of the keys than pushed in, creating a vacuum to determine pressure total the CFM of all the intake funds and a cfm of all the exhaust funds. If the intake CFM is greater than you have positive pressure. If the exhaust CFM is greater, then you have negative pressure. Neutral pressure would be when the intake and exhaust CFM or equal. A perfect scenario, you would have mutual pressure which includes keys, because no dust will be sucked in. Negative pressure would mean that air is being sucked into your keys from all the tiny gaps you can't control and don't have filters on which means less efficient cooling over time aim for slightly positive pressure with slightly higher CFM intake than exhaust CFM. This way, the air enters your keys, goes through a filter, foods.