AutoCAD 2021 Beginners Course - Zero to Hero Fast with AutoCAD

1. Introduction: Hello and welcome to this introduction to the beginners. Also cut costs using the architectural example. So the way this course will work is a cost will be working in two phases. Will be learning core skills, which is your commands. You are modifying tools, just in general, how to use them. We'll be doing a project which will progress as we learn new skills. So we'll be switching between a blank drawing, learning the core skills of creation and modification. And then in the project, chapters will be completed. Miss building layout. Step-by-step, as we learn new skills, will then be put onto a title block, adding text and dimensions and getting it ready so it could print it out and presented to someone as you would in the real world. But we're not just going to learn all the core skills in one go. That tends to become not just a bit boring, but you can easily forget skills you've learned when you're just bombarded with skill after skill. So the way I like to teach is to first teach for core elements that you need to get going. And so you don't get too overloaded and forget what you taught will then switch to doing some of our project and beginning of a project and actually put them into practice. Once we've got the basic elements of a project, we'll move back to learning some more advanced core skills and then switch back to the project and put those into practice. And by doing it this way, learning the core element and then putting it into practice and switching between the two throughout the course. You don't get too overloaded with the knowledge before you've put it into practice in and led to use it. A lot of courses will teach you every command and just go through them all. And you just don't understand why eLearning and why you would do that way by switching to your project and then put them on a scale into US. You will learn not just how to do it, but why you do it and why you would do some for a particular way. And it helps to set that skill in your mind and really learn to use the software properly. So by the end of the course, you will be able to produce standard layout of a floor plan using correct cat techniques, using blocks, layers, and all the type of cup management. And you will know enough to be able to work as a Cat technician in kind of a Julius newly trained role with all the skills you need going forward. We won't just teach you in this course how to use the software, but how to use it in industry. I myself have over 20 years in this industry, in a variety of disciplines, have worked on all sorts of projects. So I can bring real-world knowledge to this course and teach you how it is actually used out there in the real world. There's a big difference between someone who's taught themselves also cut, and someone who used in industry knows how to use it with my eyes down to the cat management tools and the way you, your joins are presented. So after you've done this course, you will, your joins will look professional. So as you work for this course, you can create, just work on a blank drawing just while you follow along and do the core skills modules, as we learned in most techniques. And then you can have another file open, which is your project. And when we get to the end of a project chapters, you can save that. Go back to a blank, joined to learn the fervor techniques. Come back to your project and continue working on it. And by the end you will have a finished model and drawing done to a professional standard. So let's get started. The first thing we need to do is begin just learning the basics. Learn about software and how to use it and get started. 2. CORE SKILLS: First Look At AutoCAD: Okay, so here we are in this first proper lesson with our new installation of AutoCad open. And we're just going to look at some basics here. This is just a very brief overview of the software. Again, I don't want to go into detail. You don't need it for a moment or you won't understand. So we're just going to have a quick look of what we're presented with when we first open a new installation of the software. Now, when if you are using someone else's software, or maybe it might be an installation has been installed on in the workplace or something you've had on your computer for a while and you've kinda be messing about with your screen may look a bit different hair, this is most of the default settings from new installation with just a few jars of Hadoop underneath this list on yours will be completely different is just the recent drawings you've worked on recent documents. So it may have other things you've worked on, things someone else's work don't maybe completely empty if you've just installed the case. Don't worry about that. Other than that, you should see pretty much a similar thing with same screen. And the first thing we're going to do is we're going to start a new drawing. Okay, so that's a pair. Top left. You will see this kind of sheet icon here. We're going to click that and that's just to start a new drawing. Okay, So you'll go and with AutoCad when you start a new document, it comes pre-loaded with different settings depending on what it thinks you're going to do. So rather than just start from the beginning over time you establish with a template and it's just a blank drawing. The already contains some, just some basic settings in the background. And that's why when you say new drawing, it will ask which template you want to use. There's different things depending on what you're doing. And you can save your own template is we're going to have a course on cut management, which we'll go into that, but that's way advanced for now. All you need to do for now is slept woman that just as a cat dot DWT, okay. And open my amiss will present you with a new drawing. Now, you may or may not have this panel on the left-hand side. Okay. We'll go we'll look at later, but you should have now a blank screen. You may not have this also, we're going to look over and how to get your sets of the same as mine. Okay. So let me just close out. Okay. So just in case you didn't have that, I've turned those off and this is a completely blank screen. Okay, I recommend having a mess. The overview thing on, and you can do that on the options. We're going to look at the options in a minute. Okay? But first of all, while we've got this blank screen, I'll just go through the basics here with you. So at the top you've got your standard commands. You have an old various software things like New, Open, Save, Save As Print. And we got some mobile options. I wouldn't worry about the moment. But that's kind of a basic what used to be on the kind of file a and file menu. So it's just you saved your opens up kind of thing. I won't worry about this is you can actually select what comes up here, okay, but you won't as the beginning of that note must result how it loads with the default installation is quite good and I just leave that as is. Okay. And you've got these boxes underneath. Now if you can't see these, you have various options of how they are shown, okay? So if yours looks anything like that, you just need to go through over burden and I recommend having it in this layout follow along the course. And veins are basically your main tool panels. So in also catch, we worked with panels and we worked with file menus. So along the top, you'll have always gonna, it's gonna look very complicated. And maybe a bit intimidating at first is don't worry about just ignore all of them for now. We don't need them. We're going to use these as we go and it's going to be much more intuitive that way. But basically, you've got the main tools under his home menu, which are draw, modify, and rotation blocks, etc. Okay, Again, we're going to look all that as we go. And then you've got your main blank area. This is going to be drawing space. So if you imagine your drawing board, this is where you would actually draw. So this is your news, okay? And what I'm gonna do with those options we talked about. So if you go to this big red a in the top-left and click that, you'll see down here you have a box options. And then under options we have these various tabs here, okay, So I want you to go to user preferences. And there's one right-click customization. And then I want you to check these boxes. So it looks like my screens with tuples repeat last command, middle one, the shortcut menu, but one is enter, Okay? If you, if you slip them that way, you're going to be able to follow along. If not, your mouse isn't going to perform the same way as money. And it's just going to complicate for you not gonna understand what I'm doing when I'm clicking. So if you just for the purpose of this course, if not already slept them like this, I recommend you get used to using it this way. This is how most people in the workplace user miss a really fast way of working. Okay, so apply that. And then we're gonna go on the 3D modelling. And the rest up. And down here you've got displayed tools and viewport. Make sure all these are ticked on that one, okay, and apply that. And that will bring up this view finger. Okay. It might have already been tagged to worry about. I'm not said and that's all we need to know for now really. In the next chapter, we're going to look a bit more about zooming and panning around and using my mouse, etc. But your cut now should look the same as mine and you'll be able to follow along in the course. 3. CORE SKILLS: Navigating the Software : Okay, welcome back. So now we're going to look at just a bit more about how we use our mouse and how we view and things like that. So first thing we want to talk about is the mouse. And most people will have a mouse of some salts. Now I recommend for this course, you have a kind of basic free but some mouse. And by Free button a main or left button, right butt's in the middle, we'll stroke button. So if you can get those, if you don't already have them, it will make following along viscose much, much easier. I think most people have. What tends to happen is people have more advanced mice with buttons everywhere. Later on when you get used to the software, you can program commands to the extra buttons. But there's so much variety in mice out be impossible for me to go through various settings and it be very confusing. So we're just gonna go back to basics this. And we're going to use a left button, right button and a middle button with the middle bots and also being a wheel. Okay, and I'll show you how, how you can use art now in the previous chapter, we set the right-click, if you remember. And that's all about this right clicking, which we're going to do throughout a course. You're gonna see me do that early on in the course. I'm going to point out what I'm doing. Then as we progress. You should know what I'm doing when I'm right-clicking, left clicking. And it's very intuitive way of working so you'll be able to follow along, okay? Right. So in order for me to demonstrate the viewing and the zoom in and things, I need some flung my screen. So I'm going to draw a basic rectangle. Okay? We're going to, in the next couple of chapters, we're gonna go over in more detail, creates an object. So you don't necessarily need to follow on with creating these objects yet, but do need some funnel my screen just to demonstrate the Zoom In and things. So a pair, we have our draw commands and we have one which is rectangle, which is here. So I'm going to left-click that. And I'm just going to select anywhere on the screen, I'm going to left-click. And it's gonna ask me friend of a corner. And I'm going to left-click again, simple zone. Okay, now I've got a rectangle of my screen. So the way I'm doing this, I'm going to move him about this is called panning. And you may notice from the software, so sorry, I'm going back to the beginning just so we're all on the same page. And I'm doing this by holding down my middle wheel on my mouse. So if you press up middle wheel and hold it down, you'll see the cursor turns into a hand. And with it held down, when you move your mouse, you will kind of Panama along. Okay. Not move with my rectangle. What you're doing is you're moving the view. So if you imagine the cameras pointed at the rectangle, you're panning the camera around. So if it goes over objects here, and again, don't worry so much about what I'm doing. It's just a demonstration. So if I was to pan, I'm not moving the individual rectangle. If I was moving it, it will be doing an eval. Say. So what I'm doing is I'm panning the view. Again, don't worry about Bayes, what I'm doing with rectangles, we're going to go into in a minute. I'm just demonstrating view, so I'm polymath view. Now with a middle wheel, you can also roll the wheel and that will allow you to zoom in and out. Okay? So it's that mixture of panning and zooming in and out that we use all the time to move around our drawing. And they used to be able to still isn't a view commands viewing windows and Unix. We do use those not as much as we used to base days with a nice, It's mainly done with the wheel and new. If you see someone doing CAD experience user, you'll see them panning and zooming all day long. Okay. We only have a name. One is if let's say you got something down here and you've been working away down here. Okay. And you pan along an O and now you're bit lost where you are, you panning around whereas majora and new, okay? What you can do if you double-click up middle, we'll quite fast. It zooms out to extends and zoom extents just means I'm going to zoom out to the extent of your model, your drawing. So everything in this file in with on this screen, it will zoom out to encompass all of that, okay? And that's great if ever you do get kinda lost. Sometimes you can end up down here and you're looking for here. You can just double-click and that will zoom. So that's, so you've got Zoom, Pan, an extensive That's all controlled by that same middleware. Okay. One thing you may notice on my screen and you may or may not have it on yours, is you can see these faint kind of grid lines here. This is known as grid for all these reasons. It's auto cuts way of helping you work out what the measurements of units. If you see, the more you zoom in, the more your grid kinda separates down, it's a smaller grids. Some people like it. Some people don't, to be honest, is one of those things that used to be used a lot more than it's used now is quite faint. Sometimes I work with are even register in it. Okay. If it gets a new way or you don't like it, you can turn it on and off with this hair. So that's probably how most people work now with a grid off again because it's so faint. Sometimes I just don't forget it's evil man, don't turn off. So you'll see me working with the audience just because I don't, actually, I don't mind that. I just kinda block it out, but it has no use rarely for me. So he can turn it off. When you start working in paper, then it can get him away because you're working with a white background. When I turned it off because it is much more noticeable. But if you don't know what I mean by working in paper space, just don't worry about that. That's something you do like two new cause. The main thing I would say is if attorney off, I'll just get used to it being manic Narnia master grid. And that's basically it with views at the moment, varies a view cube of pay. We're going to look a bit complicated now. This will get you through 90% of what you need in terms of views, just zooming, pan and zoom extents. Okay, so in the next chapter we'll look more on selecting objects. 4. CORE SKILLS: Basic Selection Tools: Okay, so we're going to carry on looking at the basics now and we're going to look at selection. I've got two rectangles have created in a previous chapter. If you don't have those, it's literally just left-click this rectangle command here. Left-click on the screen once and twice to drop it and just poke apply rectal. Don't worry about size that we about anything. It's just visual. Just a couple of rectangles, okay? And now with our mouse, we're going to look at selecting items. So with the left mouse button, It's as easy as just clicking an object. And you can click as many objects as you want and it will carry on selecting them. Okay? And I'm just gonna go to his copy. I'm going to left-click and I'm going to select both of them. Okay? And then I'm going to right-click. I'm going to go to left-click again for a base point. Don't worry about what this is confusing because we're going to look at, this is kind of modify and we're going to look at in more detail. Just want, again, I just want things on the screen just to work with. Okay. So all I did was copy and then select them. Again just so you've got the same thing. So it's copper. Left-click, left-click, right-click, which is enter. Left-click base point just means when he asks specify base point, it just means where should a grab this from a K? And if you don't have this piece of text domains boxes next to your cursor is F2. Press F2 on the keyboard, and you'll see what it's asking for next him commands. So say in specify base point. It just means where should a graph-based from before a copy? And it could be anywhere. You just click in the space and just left-click, left-click and it'll keep dropping copies of A's go into you right-click to end the command. So again, that's something we'll look more into the chapter would use won't miss on screen. So in terms of selection, we can left-click an object and we can carry on left clicking. And you'll see in your cursor you've got a small square in the middle of the two lines in the middle of a crosshair. That's kinda as a PEC box. So you put some fin, hello box over an object and you can carry on selected if you've selected something. And actually I didn't want these two, you can hold down shift. And you can select things that you want to unselect, maybe that one as well, okay. I might say is let things. And we don't actually have a command active at the moment. So I'm just, I'm just selecting them just to show you. Okay. But like so that's how you select items and what you do with those items when you select them. Well, that will be a command which we'll look at later. But for now it's just how we actually slept these items that is the simplest left clicking. So Shift left-click, as we've seen, unselect some, ok. Now if you do have a lot of objects and in a more advanced drones, when you start using it, you'll have way more objects and mess. It can be a bit tedious. It's a quick things. It could also be, if you've got overlapping objects, it can be hard to select one object and not slept over. So if you're doing multiple selections, you can use a window select. And to do that is left button again, you just click outside. So if we go to the top-left of these objects and just click anywhere in the blank space. And we left-click ones. You'll see now we have across our pink box is gone. And as we move our mouse is dragging a Windows. It looks like when we drew the rectangle. But what it's doing is drawing a window. And if we put this window over these four here and left-click again, they are selected them. So that's a window select. So again, if I press escape to one Dava, just click outside here, maybe is vase ones we wanted. Okay. You can go Window select. Now you might have noticed what happened in Australia. Again, I've drawn a window completely around this object, completely around my object, completely round this object. But these two, this one and this one, I've only half going over and when I left-click, it doesn't select them. Okay, So this is all to do with how I created a window. Again, I click out here, I'm going from the left to the right. And when you draw a window, a selection window from left to right, you have to, it will only select the objects you fully enclosed. So anything you are only partially over, it won't sweat them. Okay. If you then if you do the window in the opposite direction. So we're going to move from right to left. We fully enclosed and we'll just touch on base 2 and it can be just touching a little bit, Okay? You say it selection and it's even slightly best. So left to right, a selection window needs to enclose the whole object. Right to left. It only needs to touch it. And that comes in handy when you've got a very busy drone. And sometimes you do want to just specify which objects, sometimes easier to just touch an object. Sometimes you only want things you're going to go over this different, the different times when you will use a different windows, it will make much more sense later on when you start doing more complex drawings. But for now, just bear in mind is the difference in Windows selection. Okay? You can either and close it fully. I'll just touch it and you'll use them in different times. So that's basically it for selections. At the moment we've got our Windows selects, we know we can left-click and shift select. We'll unselect objects. So that's the main selection Roundup. In the next chapter, we'll start looking at actually creating some of these basic shapes in more detail. 5. CORE SKILLS: Basic Object Creation: Okay, so let's look at creating some more basic shapes. Now. We've got, is still on the screen. You might have some film was screened from a previous chapter. You might not. It's a good time to show you how to delete an object. So we're going to use our windows. So we're gonna go down from the right and remember all we have to do is touch phase because we're going right to left. So that's selected all of them. And then we just press Delete, the delete key on the keyboard. Go. Okay, so let's look at these shapes in more detail. Now. We've already looked at rectangle. We're gonna do it again. I want you to look at the button and you'll see it's got two blue circles on. Now that's kind of a hint of how it's going to, what it's going to ask you for basically. So that rectangle wants to corners receive a blue dot are into corners. And if you just hover over the cave over button for awhile, it will come up with an explanation. They're always commands, you can hover over it, you get a basic explanation and then a more detailed one. Okay, So this rectangle here, if I left-click it, as it kinda shows when blue dots is looking for first one corner than another. And it can be, it can be left to right, top to bottom, any way you want to draw it. It's going to ask for two corners, opposing corners. Okay? So I'm gonna, I'm gonna select that and we're delay and we're going to look at it again. I'm going to left-click this rectangle. Most of the time when you are creating a model file or a drawing, you do actually want to draw to a specific measurement. So in this case, in this course, we're going to be using millimeters, but it's exactly the same if you set up in inches. Usually you want to draw some fun. If it's a building, you want to measure the walls, rooms of ability, you want to join a specific size. It might be a mechanical component, you know the sizes, okay, most of the time you will want to draw to scale. Okay? So we're gonna go to the rectangle tool again. And I want you to notice next to your crosshairs, we have this as a piece of text which says specify first corner point R. And if you can't see this, it's F2 on the keyboard. Remember? And then we have a box where we have two boxes with figuring each box and one of them is highlighted in yellow. Okay? So when you get a piece of text, it's giving you a clue as to what it's looking for basically. So we've clicked only draw a rectangle, and now it's looking for the first, the first corner point of a rectangle. So whereas the rectangle going to begin from, in this case, we're just going to click down here, okay? And now it's saying specify other corner point. So as we've seen, it's looking for the opposite corner. But these boxes with the numbers in these allow you to input an actual dimension. So let's say we wanted to create a rectangle verts. 100 millimeters, which is the meter by 500 millimetres. Okay? So if we want to do 1000 this way, you'll see that the box for that dimension is that volume that's highlighted. If our other bugs have been highlighted, we would have to swap between the two. And we swapped between these two boxes by pressing the Tab key, which is usually on the left of your keyboard above, Caps Lock needs to opposing arrows. By pressing the Tab key, we can change between these two boxes. Okay? So to draw a box which is a 1000 by 500, we would go left-click for the start point. Make sure this box is highlighted and type in 15. Now it's important here not to press Enter if you presenter, you're going to end the command. So just press Alt Tab K and switch to the other box. And you'll see this will now is locked. It's a 1000 and there's a little padlock next to it. So now we'll put in here 500. And now we can press Enter. And we have our box which is 500 by 500. Okay? So that's how you would draw a basic rectangle to set dimensions. Now, withdraw box here. There's all sorts of other objects. So maybe we wanted to draw a circle. We click on the circle and we can see from the blue dot is given us a clue. It's going to ask us for a center point and then radius. So we'll just click anywhere. And similar to the rectangle, we've got a box highlighted. There's only one dimension to the radius, so we've already got one box. I'm gonna make this 500 radius when you press enter amounts of 500 radius circle. Okay? Now you see under similar ways we've got pulled down. So in the circle, you can change how you draw that circle. Maybe you've got diameter and radius. We can choose center, circle with a center diameter. So as before, we just left-click. And then this time it's gonna ask for diameter, so 500 diameter. And you'll say it's half the size because its diameter. We've got polygon, the rectangle we've got polygon. This flask refers to the number of sides. Let's have six sides. Enter. When we drawn a circle, we click the center of the circle. Now it will say inscribed or circumscribed, but just means do you want the corners to be to the outside of a flats? You'll be easiest way is to just show you. So let's say inscribing circle, okay? Now we weren't going to specify a position of one of these joints like a corn is, if you will. Okay. Unclear if we'd have slightly over option and gone circumscribed about circle. You'll see it's asking for the point, not the corner. So to be honest, we don't use very much. You use rectangle a lot. We use circles a lot, and we use lines all the time. So you might notice, hey, we've line, there's two different types of line and as polyline. So we'll look at the difference between those. So line. If we left-click that, you can say it's going to ask you if a two points, start point and an end point. Okay? I mean, it's gonna keep going. And you can keep drawing lines as much as you want until you right-click to end the command. If we have unused the just left-click outline, you'll see it's only highlighted the first par. Okay, a mass because all these are different lines, even though we driven one after the other as part of one command via separate lines. Okay? And I'm going to shift, I'm going to draw window to select them all and press Delete. And I'm going to look at polyline with a left-click on, and I'm going to do the same thing. Start not worrying about units. I'm just drawing a line again, right-click to end. And now when I select it, you'll see the whole thing is selected. And that is the main difference between line and polyline. Line will end up in lots of different lines. A polyline is one continuous line. And there's reasons why you would use one after we ever, to be honest, most of the time are preferred to use a polyline. The polyline you can give things like width. You can do all sorts of various things with it, which we'll go into later. And it's just easier to work with. It's got more intelligence if you like, you can, you can do more with it, whereas a line is just single lines. And if, if you wanted to select the whole thing. So for this, for instance, if this was a fence line, I could click it, the whole thing will be selected. I could get a length, I could change how it looks in Mongo, whereas if it was various different lines, I would have to slip them all individually. But again, he's just an overview misestimate how to create them. And that is the main difference to remember going forward. One is separate lines, the other is a continuous line, okay? And then we have things like ellipse, which is going to ask you for free points. So the center. And then it's going to be like drawn a circle. But it's also going to let you make it into an ellipse. Okay? Again, not used very often. When you do need it, you need it, but it's quite rare thing. So we'll get rid of the main ones are circles, rectangles, lines, and polylines. And we're going to look at them in more detail in the next chapter. 6. CORE SKILLS: Line & Polylines: Okay, So we're getting through it now, getting through these basics, and we're just going to look in more detail at lines now. So I'm going to draw window, window select. Remember left-click, left-click again, press Delete. And let's look at a basic line. So we left-click line. And you'll say it's asking us for to specify the first. Again, if you don't have this, these boxes mistakes, It's F2, turn on and off. So you can see it's asking for a point. And we're gonna look at coordinates bit later. For now, just left-click anywhere in the screen. And the options here, we confronted with these boxes again and you'll see it's asking you for two things. Okay? So the highlighted box in this case is the length. Let's say we wanted to draw a line which was a 1000 millimeters and it was drawn at 45 degrees, so it was kinda like that. Okay, so we type in a 1000. And then again, not, don't presenter, if we press the Tab key, we've now switched to V of a box, and you can see this is locked now, we've told the line is 1000 millimeters long, so it's not going to let us change. Would it doesn't need to know is the angle. Okay? We've got MATLAB being 0. So we can type in here 45 and then press return. And it's created our line, 1000 millimeters long at 45 degrees, and it's continuing the command. It will continue the line command until we say different. So if our next line wants to be 500, we type our N tab. And maybe this is 0 degrees, okay, press Enter, and there we go. And we can carry on doing that until we've finished. Maybe we just want to draw a line by eye. You can't just do that. You don't need to type anything in. Okay. Maybe we need a length. The length of this line was going to be a 1000 compressed up, but we don't know younger look for any angle we want. And it will tell you what the angle is, but you don't have to type N. So maybe we just want to do it by either. Okay. And you can carry on going like that until you finished. Or you can go back to this Dart and do right-click. Now, one thing you may notice here, if I go back to the start, when I get near the end of this line here, I get this little kind of green box and it'll come up with a piece of taxane end point. Okay? And that's called a NOS1AP. We're going to look at that in a, in a chapter coming up. So don't worry about that for now. I'm just going to end it there by right-clicking. And now we have aligned. But as I said before, if we slept any points on this line now, they're going to be individual. So I'm going to left-click and draw window over L naught and delete it. And we're going to do the same with polyline. So left-click polyline. Again, exactly the same. We're just going to start anywhere. And it's exactly the same. You can say it's asking us for length and an angle and we could type him those if we want. This will maybe a thousand tab 45 and OK. And you'll see. Before when I type in 45 and 50, let me show you this again. If I type in a 1000 for the length, I'm gonna do tab, okay. As well as actually type Lemmy angle you can, you can, you can tell AutoCad which side you want to go. So obviously we would 45 degrees. We could be 45 degrees of hair or it could be 45 degrees here. Okay, now what I can do, I can move my mouse and I could kind of do it by ILO. Are you can see it's telling me about 45. I could left-click there. Okay. If I go 1000 tub, OK, do it down here, I can do anywhere. So I could do 45 down here. Okay. But you'll see 45. 45 is basically seen as the same. So you can do that as a kind of a mixture of your, of buying a dirty by I and type in N, let's say a new and it was 47 degrees. I didn't want to kind of try and be exact libraries. I'm going to type in 47, okay. With my mouse appear, it's locked it to that. And you can say if I press Tab it, locked it. Now, if I delete that. Okay, and if I do it again, type in wound 1000, and then Tab, if I move my mouse down this way, as long as it's in the, on the correct side and type in 45, tab is gone, 45 or so. It depends which side you mouses. You can just move your mouse, okay? And that goes with length as well as. So if I wanted to malign, say, free 1000 millimeters in misdirection, I just move the mouse over here. Again. I'm not trying to I'm not trying to get it to freak out and just moving it. Misdirection, letting go of the mouse, leaving it there, typing Free 1000 tab. And it knows that you want free thousand month direction because it's moving it towards your mouse cursor. Okay. Now, if I wanted it for kind of 45 degrees of there, I'd have to put in a 135 because it's still tackling it from the same zero-point. Okay? So you have 45 degrees that way. 4500 Weber overhead would be the kind of 145 either direction because there is 0. So you would put, you would move your mouse appear generally direction typing 145 omega and and you can carry them out again. You can just do it by eye Wanted. And I'm going to right-click to finish. And now when I click that, actually did it in two different stages. So we've ended up with two polylines, okay? Now the thing with polylines, but don't need to be straight lines at all. So if I left-click polyline again, and I'm just going to click anywhere. You will see this bit of text next to my cursor actually says specifying next 0. And then it's got a pull down arrow. And what I've seen is where our options, you don't have to just specify that point. And the other options are down here. So we can do an arc half width, length. And the width. Now, the main thing you do here's the arc, okay, So if you wanted a curved line, you can select OK. And when you get these options down here, you might notice one letter is usually the first letter, but not always. But one of them is in blue and it's a higher case that's given you a clue to the shortcut, keyboard shortcut. So if you want to do, it's a return. If you wanted to do length is L return. Okay? So I'm gonna do, I'm gonna quit polyline. I'm going to left-click anywhere. And this time I'm going to click with the left button. And now we get the option to draw a curved line. And it will carry on doing this until we tell it. Either to end a command or we can go about down here. And click Line, and go back to straight lines. And you can carry on swapping between the two as much as possible. Now if arcs, polylines, arcs when you draw them, generally, draw the endpoint of VR. You'll see it puts its own kind of curving based on the previous one. Just click to the end point and then right-click to finish. And what you can do, you can edit these lights, but that's grips. We're going to look at grips in another chapter. Basically for now, I wanted to show you again when we click on my slacks for whole thing, we can delete that. So polylines come with this align. You cannot just say line varies, no other options with polyline, you get these options for arcs and things like that, okay? And we can click, left-click that, or you can just type in a return and that will do the same thing. It depends whether you prefer clicking or keyboard shortcuts. In this course, we're not going to use keyboard shortcuts much just because it's harder for me to show them to you. Sometimes you do a course and people using shortcuts and you don't understand how we've done a command because he missed the shock. All you see is a command change because you can't see the mouse can sometimes confuse people, so, okay, so we're not going to use keyboard shortcuts in this cost just for that reason, you wouldn't see what I'm doing. Okay? So we've polylines. You can do polyline at its more advanced things. We'll look at those lights. So that's a basic overview of the lines, the line on the polyline. We also have this line here which is arc. So whereas with a polyline, we have the option to do lines and apps within the same line if you were doing it separately. So let's just say draw a random line like that. And you wanted a curve without being a polyline for whatever reason. You can't do an arc. An arc, as it gets to here, it's going to ask you for free point. So start a middle and an end. And that's the best way to get used to vase. We've just learned is to just click them, play about them. Just start creating some basic shapes with or without dimensions and just get used to using them. Again because we set up our mouse with the left-click and right-click. To finish the command is right-click, okay? But what you can also do if we now wanted to draw a line again. So let me show you if we select a polyline, okay, and we left-click, left-click, left-click, right-click to end. And now I want another polyline. We can right-click and it will repeat the last command. So anytime, wherever command we use over it's moved copy anyways, rectangle. If you then want to do it again or you need to do is right-click miles. And it will repeat the last command. That's one of the races. We set it up that way and it really just speed things up. But you'll see me doing that in this course. And so I'll do a command and then I'll do it again. And you might think, Well, mine's not repeating, needs me to click a PE, warm the colander is right-click him a mouse to repeat the last command K. So if you see me doing my mouse Y, okay, in the next chapter we're going to look at O snaps and objects. Snaps. 7. CORE SKILLS: OSnap & Ortho: Okay, so I'm back to a blank screen now and I'm going to select the polyline. And you might have noticed, and we did mention it in the last chapter. As we're drawing, you can see when we move our cursor, we sometimes get these kind of green highlighted objects on your cursor and you may not see them. You may see them. We're going to look at those and setting them up. Now. We're going to see what they are and how you set those are, okay. But what they're doing, they allow you to snap your cursor onto a specific 0 or part of an object. So when we close out, let's say I wanted to draw a just this kind of shape hair and it was closed. Okay. So it was the end valine. Started valine. Now, if I didn't have snap-on, I would be doing it by eye and I'll be like, Okay, that's about on that. But the more you zoom in, the further away you are. And if you don't get those points exactly aligned, it's not going to work out in terms of measuring angles and filling it with a color and that kind of thing. You need End to be exactly on the stack, okay? And the way you do that is by using things called o stamps. So if I just fix it up, you're oh, snap settings. Down here. There's a rec rectangle, the small square in the corner, okay? And next to that, you've got a pull down arrow. If you click on, these are all the options you get. So this is basically where you're lying can snap to. I'm just going to turn mine off. You can turn them on and off by clicking them and you'll see you get a tick next to the ones that are turned on. So if I just want to be endpoints, I'm just going to select that. And I'm going to click away now, It's not, it's not on your all often is select the points I want to snap to when the command is turned on and what will happen you'll term is command on and off as you go. So to turn it on and off, you can click up and you'll see it goes blue to be turned on. I'm going declares when it's turned off, most people use, but do use the shortcut key for this one just because it's used so often in the key for this one is F on your keyboard. And you say if I press F3, it turns on and off. Okay? So I'm going to turn that on. And again, all we've got selected is endpoint at the moment. So if I go to draw another line, when I hover over this line, you'll see it comes up with these green squares. Depending which endpoint I'm nearest. So all I need to do is hover over an object and it will go to its endpoint. Okay? And if I was to now just hover about there, when this green square comes up, if I left-click to start a line, you say actually started on my end point, exactly on the endpoint. I don't need to zoom in. And if I want to finish it on the end of this line, all I need to do is go nearby Tova. Square comes up and left-click. And it's exactly on my end point. Okay? There's no guessing. It's exactly on there. So that is basically 0 stamps do. And you could put on all these different options. So as looking at some of the others, we have midpoint, okay? So as you've probably guessed, relevance and up into the end, we'll also get one now at the middle. And it's a triangle, and it says midpoint. So sometimes you want to have a line exactly at the middle of something, exactly at the middle of another line. We want a Lyapunov exactly the middle of this line. We can just have that snap to end point. And now we need to get nearby and it will automatically do it. Okay. So silvers center, if you're working with circles, maybe you have a couple of circles. You want to draw a line from the center of that one to that one. Okay? So we'll select the line and UPA on the circle. And now all we need to do is go in a circle and you get Center. Okay? So again, if we just never circle, as long as we get the grain sentence symbol and click. Snap right to the center of that circle. Okay? No guesswork involved. Forget our own node. The nodes, nodes based on points, we'll cover those later quadrant. So maybe we wanted the line to be at the top of this circle. Okay, so these are your quadrants, top, right, bottom left. And it's exactly a kind of 12 o'clock position, 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, nine o'clock. And you know that they are exactly those positions because you snap to them. Intersection. So maybe we add a line crossing where we want to draw a line from intersection of these two lines. Okay? So when we get nearby, you'll say, it's hard to say this one is basically put in a green cross. And, but it will come up with a word intersection as well. So you get nearby. And it was done. Now you might notice it's becoming less and less easy to snap to a must because we've got more things on. So when you get here, it is easy to go to the midpoint intersection, okay? You do end up sometimes in busy joins, it's hard to actually see what you've got. So in that case, you might want to turn things on and off. So maybe let's turn midpoint of hair. And now we can snap easier to read intersection. And we know that that line starts where those two lines cross. Will. I'm just gonna go through the main ones. Use mommy will hardly ever used perpendicular. So we'll turn that on. Let's say we wanted to draw a line and it was from Vienna, but it had to meet this line. Exactly a right angle that's perpendicular. So now when I go nearby, you'll see we get a perpendicular sign, which is a right angle. I like snap there. I know this line has that line at 90 degrees, okay? And tangent. So for a drug, if we've got a circle and we want to align to come up here. And we don't want it to go to a quadruped. We wanted kind of tangent. We can have tangent selected. I'll turn off quadrant is to make it easier. And now it will get tangent command. So it meets that circle, tangent, okay? Again, you don't need a lot, but when you do, when you need it, you really do need it. So now it's tangent and narrowest. So maybe you want aligned to come off this line, but no specific point, not the midpoint. No specific point, but it did need to be on this line somewhere. It didn't need to meet a line. You can have Near East. And as long as you're near that line, wherever you click will actually be on the line itself. Okay? It might not, it won't be the midpoint, won't be any specific part of outline, but it will be on that line. And apparent intersection small for when you've got things in free day. So intersection was two lines crossing. So that will be the intersection when you work in 3D, it might be the lines across it in your current view, but they don't actually cross. That. One might be higher advanced to get into the moment. That's basically what it is. So bad the main ones, what I tend to have is I have my set upper endpoint, midpoint intersection. Okay? Nearest can be quite dangerous if you want, if you have narrowest on when it's hard to get to endpoints, midpoints because you've got nearest turned on. So you, you're always going to have the option to just be to just be at the nearest point, okay? So attend to only Avant if unaided. So endpoint, midpoint, intersection and perpendicular usually goes on. Okay. And there the settings kind of a default settings I'll have which allow you to snap two end points. But you can turn those on and off all the time would be afraid k. So that's how I tend to work. And most people tend to work, you'll have those on and it'll just be a case of turning the whole setting off and on with afraid while having the having etc, this way. Okay, That will do if I'd say a good 80% of the time. Now we have a thing we need to look at is something called ortho. If we're drawing a line we've already seen, we can give it an angle of 0, okay? And it will just be plain. And maybe the next line, we can give it an angle of 90. And it will just be in that plane. But a lot of the time you do want to work in Kelvin 90 degrees. So you do want to work exactly horizontal or exactly vertical. And you don't want to go to vassal of Putnam is angle over time we have the option, we have something called Ortho, which is down here. And if we turn that on by clicking it and you'll see it highlights. Now when we do a line, it will only let us go in these 90-degree planes, either vertical or horizontal. So that comes in really handy when you want to get exactly straight lines that 90 degrees because we've got on you. You can just draw freehand line up or you can just put in lengths and press Return and not worry about it being exactly 90 degrees because if you've got this off or turned on, okay. So a bit like oh snap, this is a setting you will turn on and off over time. And that's why we also use this as a key shortcut, which is F8. Okay? So you see it turn on and off with FAA. And when you're drawing, you will be turning on and off, snap and ortho quite a lot. So FRA and FAA, you'll be turning on and off quite a lot. Okay. And but something to get used to. So I want you now to just using your line. If a lineup polyline doesn't matter in this case, practice those auto settings that were right angles and we oh, snap settings are moving from midpoints and intersections and points and that kind of thing. And get used to using them and also turning on and off. Remember it's afraid to turn off, snap on and off, and FAD. Okay, so that's something to practice. Just do that with some lines. And when you've got used to it, I'll see you in the next chapter. 8. CORE SKILLS: Units 01: So one thing that's important to know about and also to setup in your software at the start, before you even start drawing anything is important. New sets of units and you know the units you want to work with. So most people will know what type of units we want to work with. But you do need to set up a star of y as it can really mess things up. So the main two things and differences between the metric system and the imperial system in the US, still use the imperial system in feet and inches. Most of the places use metric system-based days. But even then you need to kind of narrow down how you're going to work with inverse systems. So let's just have a look and see exactly what domain. So you may be working in metric system, but if you were to create a small a component, say, and you probably going to be working in millimeters. Same if, even if you do building layouts all of these days, people will work in millimeters. In the UK, it tends to all be in millimeters. And so you get to the really big distances. I've seen people use centimeters a lot in Europe. But on the big layoffs, if you were doing some fun like a site layout with lots of buildings and it was maybe a few miles wide. You probably wouldn't use millimeters. In that case, you'd use meters. Okay. But you need to be aware of what you're using. You don't want to be putting dimensions on and measurements and not knowing what you get any face. If you're getting a measurement of 500, you need to know what r is, because obviously 500 millimeters, big difference and 50 millimeters. And likewise ME, us. If you're using feet and inches for a larger, say a building layout may just be inches using for small components probability would be. So you might then you might be down to fractions of an inch. So whereas the building layout would be maybe ten feet, six inches for a small component, you might be working in thirty-seconds syringe. So you might have a measurement that's 21030 seconds and then you infractions, or sometimes it's in decimals of an image. So instead of saying a half an inch, it is 0.5. So even with inches, you could have different ways of expressing it, decimal or fractional. And it's important to know what it is you want to use and to set that up right from the beginning. Now, generally you will know in terms of work, the metric or imperial, it probably is down to where you're based. Although sometimes it could be based in Europe. I'm working on a project in America or vice versa. Menu might be using a type of units which is a bit more on familiar, but generally you'll know via the start. So first thing you want to do is set those units and we'll have a look at doing that now. In AutoCad, the basic measurement is just a unit, okay? So this is something to kind of get your head around at the start. Autocad works in units. If you create some of those 10 units long, to Auto Cut is 10 units long. Now, you could call that what you want. You could call it millimeters, you could call it inches, whatever, but it is a still a unit you just saying towards target. Okay. In this jar, in every unit represents one millimeter or every unit represents an inch. Okay, so let's have a look at janie moves. So in AutoCad, you can just type in units, press Enter, and you'll get the drawing unit setting box. So this box here, the first saturates architectural. And you'll say this is inches. And it says inches here for the insertion scarcer contaminants inserted image or ion will be in inches. And you can set your precision. So a working down to precision of half-inch, quarter-inch, maybe 256 of an inch, which I'd say is very precise for an architectural drawing. You've also got decimal. So do you prefer to work in degrees, minutes and seconds, and or just decimal degrees, 45 degrees, etc. And again, how precise do you want to be without? Now? You can go decimal. So even in inches, you can be decimal. Okay? So if i okay, so if we were let's say we were 10.5 inches. Okay. If I just click on the line here and left-click, then I can drag this out and I can type in our length. So if I would say 10.5 and right-click to enter. If I click this now, and if you haven't got this box, you can right-click and go to Properties. Ok. And you'll see it says 11. So I derive is at 10.5, but it says it's 11. Well, let's have a look. We've got our precision set to 0. If I did it to one decimal point. And now could connect. You can see it says 10.5. So by setting your default units, you can set how many of these decimal places going to go to. And sometimes you open a drawing because a lot of people don't change that precision setting by the way, I don't know why, but sometimes you will open a drawing and you put the dimension on and it comes out, and it will come out at 10.5000. That's just because I haven't changed the units scale. Okay. So if you, if you say that it's easy to stop that happening every time just by changing the precision in the units box. Okay, so I'm going to leave other, but we're on decimal and we're going to inches. So that's how we would express inches. We can also go engineering, so it's set to engineering. If we click this line again, you'll see now it's 10.5. And as we inches symbol. We've got our area in square inches. Okay, everything is actually denoted as being in inches rather than just a decimal. It's actually saying inches. We can go units again, and we can go, we can go to fractional. So on the fractional base will be 10.5 and actually says that the fraction half. So sometimes when you're drawing and you have an old join, it might say so many sixteenths of an inch. And you have to, if you're in decimal, you go on your calculator and you work that out, or you have a convergence of what law is as a decimal. But you can, if you want, just have a unit set to this and you can, you can draw out. So if it was going to say this is 1 and five-sixteenths of an inch. So how you would write that is one I'm going to do with dash. So it's one complete Ange, and then next is five. And then do your slash 16 k, So that is one and five-sixteenths of an inch. And now when you press Enter, if we click on that, okay. So what's happened now? It says 1.5. Why is that? It's supposed to be one and five-sixteenths. Well remember we've got our precision set. So also cut will always, it will always kind of round things up because we've got our precision set to half an inch. That's how it's going to be. We, we wrote five-sixteenths, so we need to be on a precision of sixteenths. Ok? And now we will say this is what I'm 56 aims and make sure your precision is set to what you want to pay. Usually inner join you will have a mixture, but if each set it's your highest. Okay, So if you were, if you have one dimension that's in thirty-seconds to set it to that. But if we look now if we look at this blue box, you'll see still saying the distance in inches even though we're going into feet because we're over 12, It's still call it 51 inches. And that's where V is of a certain commands. So for instance, let's type in units. If I change it to architectural, architecturally, you using bigger distances. If you think of architectural, think of working in FAPE because you talked about building layers. Now if I was to draw a line in the blue box, you'll see it says free feet. And the way it's shown it is free. And then the sign dash, free space, half inch. So that is free fate and free and a half inches. Ok. And you can see we've got a precision, precision cell and 16 by the look of it, because it is showing, if we move it along, It's gone into sixteenths, fractions. And I can right? Now if you wanted to buy a new could put. So let's say I wanted to be six feet. So we do our six feet sign and then we do five dash. And I'm gonna go seven slash 16. So that's how you would write that dimension. And that will be six feet, 57 sixteenths of an inch. Okay. You don't need your sign because it knows what you work in. But if we look down here, that's how that's what we've got. So let's go back to unit. So that's the difference really between the architectural and the fractional. Here to it'll keep in inches. So it will say your total inches. Theta is architecture, we'll say of a decimal as we've seen, will do. So 10 point font, Let's do more or less do 24.5. Okay? So that's 24.5 inches. And engineering is going to split it. So two phi nought, 0.5 inches. So you've got the whole option now you've got total inches with no fate. You've got feet and inches as a fraction. You got free 10 inches as a decimal and you've got total inches as a decimal. So that should cover you in terms of imperial for whatever you want to do. 9. CORE SKILLS: Units 02 : So if we go back now and I'm gonna go decimal if, if you're, if you're working metric, okay, let's, is going to be a much simpler because you don't have all the fractions and things you don't use your fractions in decimal is just a case of am I working in meters, millimeters, centimeters all up. So precision, Let's go with two points, okay, and I'm gonna change this to millimeters. So let me delete this. So now we work in millimeters, okay? So I can say 100 millimeters. And that will give us a, so that's a meter, 1000 millimeters. And if I go two units again, I'm going to change to architectural. Say if we tried to OK, it will say for use with actor geoengineering linear units, insert unit should be set to inches because it's, it's just irrelevant. So it makes it a lot easier if people who are metric, really, you only have to set its insertion scale. And that's important because someone else might want to insert something in your drawing. So it's a lot simpler for those guys, were pretty much it. And really all you need to worry about is kinda of a precision you want set which is easy to change and you can change on your dimensions. We'll do that later, will purposely do it in one of these largest setting silicon show how you change the dimensions to show up an angle. Most people tend to use decimal degrees. I would say. Most places I've worked on, I'm struggling to remember anywhere where I've used anything other than that, if I was to do. So, you got us what you want as a dimension. You'd want it to measure in degrees lab 27 degrees degrees, minutes and seconds radians over. I honestly can't remember if we use Nipah, if if you need this is where you would change up and always can be changed by. But what's important to remember is taught to cut. They're all just units. It's just a way of how it presents the information to you when you change it in a box. Autocad really is just a unit. So that is a brief overview of units and how to change them. Now one thing I will say, if you do a course and it's in millimeters, but you're used to work in feet and inches or maybe do one of these causes and it's in feet and inches and you used to work in millimeters. Just go along with it. It's, it's good practice to learn to use different measurements systems. But also if you really want to do it in inches, these easy enough to convert as well. So if someone asks for 5000 millimetres, just do a conversion, has low, just Google inches to millimeters conversion or millimeters to inches. And you can always follow along these courses in your chosen system of measurement. Certainly my cost is everything's open. Everything I do is an example. You can always draw things a bit different. And I encourage people actually to mess around with the examples and come up with your own building layouts. You don't have to put walls or winds are anything I draw where I put it. You can now experiment. You can change the units to wherever you feel comfortable, whether it's feet and inches, millimeters, miles, yards, chains or any of these obscure things, just feel free. Working mat, we're not building anything here. Nothing's gonna go out to say, no one's going to care if you accidentally do you build in an is 600 yards long instead of being only six meters, no one cares, nothing is getting built as long as you learn in the software and you know how this stuff works, That's the main thing. Okay, So whatever you feel comfortable with, just work your mat and at least now you know how to change between the two, between the many systems should say. So that's units. Hopefully that made sense. Again, it's one of those things in AutoCad where it might not make sense when you just learn it. By the time you get to the end because it will eat you just become, because you put it into practice, that's the best way of learning. And once you start putting it into practice, it will make a lot more sense if you earn 80 percent there. Don't worry, continue with the cause. If it's completely bewildered to watch video game, feel free to send me a message if you need more clarification. But if it is, kind of add, just move on with the course and it all makes sense as you start using it. 10. CORE SKILLS: Coordinates: Right, So I want to talk a bit now about units and coordinates. And this is quite an important thing to kind of get your head round and understand. Like a lot of things in cut. It can seem confusing to people that start, but once you kind of get your head around, especially the coordinates, you've always got a moving from caste system. The caste system is going to work the same and you just gonna know instinctively what's happening, okay, and how it's working. So I'm gonna presume everyone is starting with no experience whatsoever. Some of you, it may be obvious, the first part of this, just bear with us. I want everyone to be at the same level, okay, so we're going to start with we're going to pretend you've never seen, you've never worked with any coordinates before. X and y means nothing. And we're going to start from. So let's have a look at what we've got. Looking at our blank screen here. And the easiest way to explain this, if you look down in the bottom left, you'll see there's this kind of right-angle shape and it says x and y, okay? And also could use is the x, y coordinate system, x, y, z. That actually, but let's not forget the zed for now. So it uses the x and y coordinate system for 2D drawing, which is what we're interested in in the moment. And what that means is any, if we draw a line, any kind of distance in this direction or this direction along this kind of axes here is measured in x and o pair. And a pair is measured in y. Ok, now, people might fit y, x, y. No, Why not millimeters inches? Well, the truth is nobody knows what you're going to use. You might be drawn in inches, you might be joined in millimeters, you might be drawn in anything. So it needs a kind of universal way of describing it. And it uses vase x, y coordinates. So x is this direction and y direction. So if we were to draw a, let me delete this. So if we were to draw a line, and I'm gonna make this 1 thousand. Okay? And their degrees. And we have outlined lab this line is actually is a thousand long. It's actually a thousand in the x-direction. Okay. So from this point we've moved wouldn't files and units in the X direction and 0 units up. So if you were to write this down as a coordinate, you would write 100 comma 0, okay? I'm a comma, splits up the x and y. So, so just, just drawn on this, just to demonstrate. If you imagine, we have an extra line running this way and our wireline running that way. Okay. And let me just don't again, don't you don't need to be following long-haired Ravi just watched and actually grasp the what's happening. Okay, So going this way is x and my y is y. And as you move, you would go up in value. So if I must be a 0, okay? And, and this is known as 000 is this symbol we had here down in the bottom left of your icon is where that starts. That is your 00 of your drawing. It's called the origin point and it's going to be origin of your, your whole model, the zero-zero point. So if we were to create a rectangle from 000 and I'm just going to snap to that. So this is now from 000. I miss. Rectangle. Was, let's say it's 500 by 400. Okay? Then this point here, if I was to mark this point, and we write it as a coordinate. And that coordinate will pay 500 comma 400. Okay. So five hundred, four hundred. And if you've ever worked with grid references, mapping face exactly the same principle. We have x, which is along this way, and y and everything, every point is specified as an X and Y from 000. Okay? Now what about if we were to do the same thing? 500 by 400 down here. Okay? Well this is 0000 as we move up in this direction. And this direction is positive numbers, but as we move, either this way of outweigh its minus, okay? So this coordinate down here, this would be known, well, it's minus 500 and minus 400. Okay? So that's how coordinate would be expressed. So this way you get into negative numbers and you might get mixtures of the two. So if we were to go free 100, 200, and draw. And you might have guessed, this one would be to be a negative number misdirection. The minus for a 100. But in this direction we're going up, so that would be a positive 200. Okay? So from 000 x-direction, y-direction. X always expressed first. So you know which way that was, you always know which way that rectangle's going to be, because it's always x first minus is down into the left and positive numbers are open to the right. I must say that's a coordinate system. Okay? Now, if you don't quite get it, you might watch that again. But what I will say, the best way to learn a lot of these subjects is by using them. So if you kind of follow along as we creating things and put it in figures, you'll get it. And once you get it, you never forget this stuff. It's like riding a bike, okay? And if you move on to other CAD systems, this is going to come in handy. Now the only thing to bear in mind is we don't actually you've heard me talking in units and say Mrs. 500 units is we're going to be drawing in either millimeters or inches in most cases. Okay. But you do need to tell auto cover. Obviously your drawing is going to look very different. Your building, your component is going to be very different depending whether it's in inches or millimeters. Okay. So you need to tell AutoCad, unless you do, autocad will just work in what it calls units. Okay? So you can change that by typing in units symbols are, and it will come up with this box. And this is where you can set, need to do this when you start a new drawing, make sure you work in the correct units. At the moment it's set to inches. So when I have been offsets amaze 500 by 500 and 1000 by 0 is all inches. Okay? So if it was millimeters, it would be millimeters. Okay. Now, I'm going because I was from an earlier example is actually the correct size. But if I was to draw them again, and I'm going to do is five hundred, four hundred. Okay. So you may have seen this box that keeps popular pair and thinking, well I haven't got that, or maybe it's appeared on your drawing. You don't know where from it it will come up and it will go all the time and it's your properties box. You do use a lot in our circuit. And you can bring that up by clicking any object, right-clicking and going to Properties. And it gives you a whole load of information, most of which you won't understand yet. But it gives you, it does give you the coordinates, okay. For you, something like a rectangular as multiple points. So what I like to do is just create a simple circle, snaps to the point you want to measure. And if you click that circle, you can have a center coordinates. So you can see the center of this is 500 by 400, which makes sense because US, and if we snap, if we put one here, the coordinate, so this is minus 500 by minus 400. Okay? And if we type in units were set to millimeters, service box is 500 by 500 millimetres. So when you are creating things, everything will have its own set of coordinates. And it depends how your modelling and higher cranium, whether you really need to know them. Sometimes you'll work with them a lot. So if you're doing something like surveying, where a surveyor is, it's giving you points, maybe are creating an architecture layer or landscaping plan. You'll be getting survey points in from a surveyor may be saying this is where lampposts, RL fences with bean out on we've surveyed ways and means of the coordinates. And in that case, it's really important and you can just take those coordinates and you can type them in and you can plot things where they actually are. In other times, things like mechanical components and map coordinates you will use more in terms of when you are actually create an object a bit like we do when we draw our rectangle. So when we create the size and it's 500 by 3000. Plus the kind of way you will use coordinates in that situation. The main thing to remember is x always is reference first, which is that way. And the y-coordinate is that way. If you forget that it's closest properties books were actually on Etsy, can't say, but this little icon here will always be that the zeros are origin. Okay, so the main thing to remember is x is in that direction. Why is it there? Which you can check by looking at this and let your origin is 0, 0. And that's why it finance all you need to know to follow along. Later on if you get into 3D, you'll be introduced to a liver coordinate which is zed and not rarely is high value. So if you imagine looking down on this, if you draw a line from the end of your nose to this blue square, that will be the zed axis. Okay, But really I wouldn't worry is now till you get well used to work with these coordinates here. So yeah. So you know about coordinates now basically, you know about units. You notice the units will be working in inches or millimeters. And in over x is always referenced first in AutoCad. 11. CORE SKILLS: Modify 01 : Right, So we're going to occur modify now is modified panel. We've already learned about creating, about drawing basic objects and creating basic items so we know how to create, okay, and I'm just going to put some rectangular and we understand some basic concepts. But what about modifying? A lot of what you do involves modifying existing geometry, whether that's changing an existing model or drawing, or creating a new one. The way we tend to work in auto CAD is if you're working in a similar industry will always be a drawer in a lot of time will be a drawing similar to when you go into Create. So rather than starting from a blank Canvas, lots of Italians easy to grab an existing object. Another modifier to your needs, and modifying is one of the main skills to know in Auto Cut, in any cuts software. So we're going to look at the basic modify tool here. And I miss begin is cause we're gonna go over onesie you can use. More often is lots of tools in AutoCad and in all COT software, which are very good tools to do a very specific job that you might use a small fraction of the time. Okay, Now, when you don't need them, that come in very handy, but most of the time we'll just sit there. And whenever used. And when you look at cuts off a look all these menus and all these buttons, and it's easy to be overwhelmed and think, how am I ever going to learn a lot. But, but most Fumito use the very core commands that use all the time. Other ones here and most of the 20 percent of the command you use 80 percent of the time. So they're the ones you're gonna learn most and wherever ones he gets now that we have as you just bring them in as and when, it's easy, rather than trying to learn so many commands and getting overwhelmed, just learn the basic ones, learn recall ones, which will allow you to do most of what innate probably. And then just gradually bringing more advanced or fascinated as the best way to learn. So say mat, we're going to learn these basic modify commands here, which are like the building blocks of cat. So these basic tools here, if these basic shapes of the building blocks of cat, these are the basic tools, canvasses you basic toolbox. So the first one is move. Pretty obvious what it does. It grabs an object and it moves it. So again, as with any command, if unsure, hover over it, it tells you what it does, Lever hovered over it, but it gives you a bit of an example, but I'll show you now, you click on Move, we left-click. And it's going to ask us to select an object. So we left-click an object, and with our mouse up away it is, all we need to do is right-click for Enter. And now it will say specify base point. And remember the base point, what it's asking far as where should I grab this from? Okay? So I want to move this rectangle where you want me to grab it from. If you just move in it as we're going to, it doesn't really matter. I've got 0 snap-on. So it's going to snap to this corner, which is fine by me. I'm going to left-click. And now it's going to say, Okay, where do you want me to move it to? And I'm gonna say here, left-click. And that's the commandment of move the rectangle. That is the basic principle mode. If I undo that most of the time, you want to be a bit more specific than that. Okay? So let's say we have a circle here. Okay? Now I want a circle in this corner as well. We use the Move command. We slept a circle. We right-click Enter. It's asking for a base point. So I want to I want the center of the circle, which is currently on my corner to bill not crossover base point is obviously the center of the circle. Okay? That's why it's important when asked what you want to grab it by. If I was to move the circle and just grab it by a random point up here. How would I then be able to align it in the same place? By using the same but as a base point. Then for the second to move it to, I can just say center point, and now I've moved it. So if you want to move it from one corner to another, you can use that corner as a base point and then drop a mass with ozone upon. So, Oh, snap is used throughout AutoCad and all the different commands whenever you are creating an object with the unmodified object wherever, Oh, snap comes in handy all across the board. And if you were to be moving it and you wanted to move it, say snap to that. Since point and you didn't want to, omegas wanted anyway, you can turn it off of a free unknowns known. But most of the time you'd be moving it somewhere or maybe I wanted to in the midpoint of a midpoint there. Okay? These are, so by using base points with move, you can do that. We have. But we can also use the coordinate system and the angles and things like we did before as well. So I can say move, right-click. I can select the midpoint is base point. And now we see we've got these highlighted boxes again, so I could type in 10 and then the distance Tab. And now it's just asking for an angle. Okay, so something like move, this is what's called a polar input. It's asking for a distance and an angle. So that's termed polar. Okay. If it was asking for a distance that we're in a distant site where that would be a rectangular input system information, you don't need to remember that, but that's, you can see what it's going to ask for. Asking now for an angle. So maybe 45. Okay. And I will put it they're not often have done that occur. Remember it's I whenever actually ever really needed to do that. Most of the time when you move in objects, you will have 0 snap-on. I knew will be moving in from a base point to a base point. Okay. And that's the move command. Now copper, believe it or not, it works exactly the same as move, except it's copying rather than moving. So now that sounded very simple. Glass what it does. So let's look copy. We're going to select that. I'm going to right-click for until we're gonna grab that as a base point. And I will want in every corner we've copied because it's copying, it will carry on doing it. You don't need to put them in a midpoint. You don't need to keep doing that each time. It will just keep copying instances until you right-click and finish the command. And now you've got all them copied. Okay? Now they are all separate objects. So if you were to vent J, change the size of s1, the word old mode, an alternate reality, individual, independent objects we've copied. So I'm going to I'm going to undo them. And by-the-way to delay, what we usually do is select the object and press Delete. But there is a delete button. Sometimes you might want to click on arrays and click an object. Okay? Why would you do it that way? Some people just prefer it, especially when you've got multiple objects and you select multiple objects. It's just preference real. And let's suppose this box actually, I don't want it that way. I want to orientate it. If as landscape, I want it kinda portray around Mach corner, rotate. So the rotate command works much the same way we left-click and object. Right-click when we've slept because you can do it with more than one object. So you will select your objects. And if it was multiple objects, she slipped them, all of them. Right-click. On the right-click is enter meaning of made my selection. And now it's continue the command. So base point is, in this case in rotate, the base point is the point you want to turn around. Again, it'll make more sense when you see it done. So left-click up corner and now you can turn it and we've rotate. You can type in an angle, so I could type in 90. Okay. And, and it will rotate it. In this case, it's rotated that way because when the muscles, but most of the time or a lot of the time we rotate, what we tend to do is if you want to do, we just turn off all. And remember ortho is this restricting two right angles in horizontal, vertical? Well, if you turn it on, it will only let you go right angles. So if you're rotating, it will only give you the option. Okay. But you can type in 45 and it's gone around that way. If you want it to go the other way. You could type in minus 45, an inverter in that way. So you can type in the angle or you can use your cursor much rotate. Okay? Offset. Offset is a command we use a lot, especially when you are creating things, are architectural plans. Withdraw. I'm going to pretend them join the building. Okay. So let's say we were well zoomed in on it. So this is small-scale, let's just say this is 50, okay, so under no 150 and then 100. Okay. So we've got our line is going 55 way 120. Again, it doesn't matter what working in at this point, doesn't matter. Units is just eight is just unit is just a general example. This line has been 55 away, 100. But what I want is a double lines, 10 on it like a wall with an inside and outside. Okay, so rather than trying to draw a line that follows it and it's the correct dimensions. Or you need to do is go to this command here, which is offset. So you left-click up and it's going to ask you first specify a distance. So I want to offset this, say five units. So I'm going to type in five enter. And now I have, it's asking me to select the object I want to slit is polyline. And because it's a polyline, It's like the whole thing. And then it just needs to know the side. And I can select that by moving my cursor. So I'm going to select five away. And that's it. So it offsets the object. And it isn't again, like copper is a new object of itself is just a way of creating an offset. Use a lot is one of the main commands. 12. CORE SKILLS: Modify 02 : We have a mirror command, so we'll use this as an example. I'm going to say we want to mirror this and we want to down here as well. Okay? So we click mirror and it's asking to select the objects. I'm going to select these two and right-click. And now it's going to ask for first of the mirror line. So the mirror line, the way to think of this is distinct. If you were to place a married down, kind of It's end, where would that be? And the first part is our mirror line will be here, and the second would be there. Okay? And that will create this mirror image. And if you right-click to finish it, it will create a mirror image. And you could do that again, so we can split these two now. Right-click. We'll select our first of our Marilyn there by left clicking. Okay, I will second is on missing left-click. And what you're doing get you get this option, erase source objects. So sometimes you want to change something by mirror in it. In which case you would erase the object. Click Yes, and now it's changed. But other times you want to mirror some thing and add it. Okay. So you would select No, and then you would get the original would stay and when new part I'm nuts, mirror. The mirror is just create a mirror image. And then we have scale. So with scale, you just change the size of an object. So I'm going to select this whole thing. I'm going to right-click for new selection. The base point is a point you want to scale up from. I'm gonna go with bottom-left corner. And now if you drag your cursor, you can see you actually, it looks like the Zuni. You're actually scaling the object inside. I'd say most of the time you type in a reference for this. Okay. So the way it would work if let's put a line, okay? Let's say I have this rectangle, these rectangles here. That needs to be bigger. How big do we need to be? Well, this line needs to go from where it is now, but instead of ending here, it needs to end at this point. So we'll go scale. We'll select them. All right-click. That will be our base point. And now instead of just putting something down here, you get this option reference. If we click that, it's saying specify reference length flow, we will reference length is the length now the existing length. So the length now is VAT. And now it's a specify new link for the length we want it from there. So the Omega, so if you didn't quite get, I might need watch it again. But that's basically how, that's how I mainly use scale, is the other reference the scale something up to fit a certain size. Sometimes you can type in scale to, which will be to double in size five or eight times five. Because you can type in a digital era. If you go to scale, uses base point, you'll say it's asking you for a scale factor. You can type 2 and it's just doubled in size, so you can do it that way, but mainly an amusing and reference. Now one of the simplest ways to quick edits on an object is to use what are known as grips. So if I just left-click this rectangle here, you'll see we get these blue squares in the corners. And there's also very hard to say, is a blue square in the midpoint of each line. We can actually left-click days and just drag them around. And you'll see we get input boxes to input dimension if you wanted. But you can edit objects by, by grabbing maze blocks, okay? And you can grab the middle ones to move a whole line, or you can move the corners. And how this is usually used is just to drag it. If you wanted to drag this corner, for instance, onto the corner of another object, you just did. And don't worry about how I selected back corner. It's something called oh snap. You look at that laser beam because if you haven't already, but I just want to show that you can use these kind of points to move objects about and to change the geometry. Okay? So we use those a lot. Grips, and it's not just rectangles. All objects have them in some form. A circle, for instance, will have a center point so you can move where it is. I mean, you can change the diameter with these, okay? And same with arcs. When you create an arc, you can use grips to move up and change the radius. So all things kinda have grips. And you'll get used to using those. It's a very fast way of changing objects when you get into actually creating some funny because you'll see us using those in more detail. But that is another modify method. Now the last modify method we use a lot is copy and paste. And you might be thinking, well, we've already learned about copy miss, miss chapter, but there are actually two different versions of copy in AutoCad. And I'll show you the differences now I'm just going to draw a, again, don't worry about how the revenues going to create a rectangle. And we've looked at this copy here, So we've done our job. And if I want multiple instances of this rectangle, I can do a copy like that. But what if I wanted to, if I didn't have a drawing here and I wanted this rectangle in another jar and okay, and this is something we actually do all the time in AutoCad. It's rare when you work in industry that you will start each drawing with a blank screen every time. What tends to happen is you find the jar and that is something like what you're about to create. Save as a new copy of menu Edit. Revenue wherever you want the new design to be, if that makes sense. So you don't always go back and start with new Join and set it all up from scratch. Most of the time, we created him where the tin exists in, joins in. And you might want to pulling things you've already drawn zeta after Java. And again, if you were creating an object that you draw many times, you wouldn't draw it again from scratch, you just go to that John, you'd copy any bringing in is we have a form of copy, so we've looked at this copy here. Copying within a jarring, but we've also got under his clipboard tab, we've got our copy, which will be familiar for many of the type of software. Rarely it just does the same thing. Copy and we can copy the object and right-click. So it looks like nothing's happened there, but now it's on our clipboard. We can paste it into revenue join, Okay, and it will bring in any kind of layer, if it's on a layer to bring my nm, insert the image on it or bringing line types that will bring in color. So it's actually a good way of bringing in things as well. If we haven't looked at yet, you don't know what I mean by layers. Line types are kind of in don't worry, it will make sense lights around. And if we look at this pace, we have a few options as, as always, also cardiovert options. We can paste, we can paste as a block hyperlink to original coordinates by special, Don't worry about them yet. They will make sense later on. We might start using them depending on what costs you doing and it will make more sense. But I just want to show you is how to get something from one joint whenever you can copy cut. If you actually want to remove it from my jar and put it in. Don't use that very often. Copy and paste between drawings I use all the time. So that's just one thing to bear in mind. There is two ways of copying. But this should be pretty self-explanatory because it's the same kind of process you go through in anything. Wherever the word processing software has a copy and cut and paste from a masala is in this case. So this is taking things from one drawing to another in separate files. And you can see there's other tools in the modify panel, but they have a basic ones to remember now for this lesson, that is your basic toolbox if you can, if you imagine you were a builder simple and you had a whole cabinet full of tools. Okay. Most of them you wouldn't use day in, day out, but you'd have a tool bell with a hammer, a screwdriver assault, which he took everywhere and you used all the time. Thus, what these commands I've just shown you is your tool belt that you carry with you. Most ways of is a tools are going to sit in your cupboard and the shiny and possibly never even get used. So we've learned the main tools in our tool belt and now we can go forward and learn of humor. And now we can start putting them into practice, um, and gradually bringing a few more as we needed. But as with anything, the best way to get to know surveys and get to 11 is just create enough to create objects. You now know how to modify them. Just the rat is doing some objects, modify them, copy of a movement, rotate them. Miriam, just aware, and then it will become easier. You'll become an enol. That kind of left-click, right-click. We'll get second nature as well because, because that really speeds things up. We only have a main. So I want to show you now is a trim and extend, but that's gonna be a challenge of itself. 13. CORE SKILLS: Fillets & Chamfers: So we've had a look at trimming and extending. The next thing ready to move on to is the fillets and the chamfers, which can be found on the modify panel. And if you pull down this arrow, you get fill it, chamfer and blend curves. So let's just have a quick run through those and see what they actually do. And we'll start with fill it. So you can kinda say and get an idea based on just the icons here. Affiliate will take two lines and put a curved radius curve between them. A chamfer will put a 45-degree line. It doesn't have to be 45 degrees, but it will put a line, straight line between them, light up. And blend curve will take two curved lines and create a nice smooth curve between them. Okay, so let's look at them all in action. We'll start with a Fill it command. So first I'm just going to draw a couple of lines on my a is less than 250. Okay. I'll put one there. And I'll put one. So let's say you've drawn less, okay? And you've got two lines like that and you decide you want ways to be a curved corner on here, okay? Now, we've drawn this line is 250 long, so probably it might want to 50 radius. So again, we work in units. Now we kinda of these basic lessons, we don't necessarily need to be in millimeters or inches. We're not creating anything real. So I'm just gonna I'm just gonna say units. I'm not covered everything. Okay? So if that's 250 units long, endless, try a 50 unit radius curve on and see what it looks like. So the way we would do that, we would go up to fill it. Ok. And it's going to ask you for two objects. Okay? If I was to just select 12, you'll see what it's actually done is it's created a right-angle corner. And we said we wanted to 50 radius. Okay, well, you need to actually tell it the radius. But if you don't, it defaults to 0 or actually defaults to the last radius use. So if it's something you've command you've done before and not drawing. It would just use the previous radius. If it's a new drawing, such as this one, it will default to 0. But sometimes you actually want not if it's a good way to join two lines. If you want to base to be a corner. Rather than kind of trying to trim, extend, trim, extend. You can just go fill it. Okay. And then set the radius to 0. And the way you change the radius, you can see down here as usual, we've got some options and we have radius or you can leave a left-click radius, or you can see it's got the highlighted are the start. You could type in return, okay, But easiest family says just to click and you'll see it says specify, fill it radius. And this is the default that is setup now. So if we leave, so if we left it at 0, okay, we can press return or right-click because I'm LC setup. Now we just need to select two lines. And we can select our two lines and it will do that radius far as a guy. Now, supposing we've done that and we decide we want as 50 unit radius. We can select radius, and now we'll type in 50, Okay? And either enter or right-click. And now when we put the lines again, it doesn't matter which two lines you pick, which way round. But you'll see it gives us this nice smooth radius. And because we use polylines, is also turned it into one polyline. Okay? So that's a good way of doing curved corners. Now, supposing you wanted to kind of a straight line, chamfer will have a look and we'll go to chamfer and you get some options again here. Okay? So you need a few more, I need more than just the radius on this one. You're going to have a straight line between these two. Create a macron above that line. So you'll need to know what angle that line is. Is it 45 degrees or is it going to be stopped by can be quite cut, kind of a shallow angle, semi overlay. So you need to tell it basically free things. It wants to know the angle. But even if it knows the Android don't know where to start at 45 degree angle could be here, it could be here, or it could be back here. So you also need to tell it the distance back from the corner. If it was a right-angled corner, the distance backwards. We'll look at those options. So let's look at those and let's see what it asks for. So we have a few options. We can say distance, angle, trim. Most of the time you'll be working with an angle. You'll know the angle. Okay? So if we click on angle, it's going to say, okay, what's the length on the first line was shown for length. And that basically means the length biophysics for first line, the distance back from, if it were a right-angle corner will be. So we'll say, let's go with 100. Okay? And now it'll say what's the angle from the first line? And we're going to put it in 45. Okay? Now as I select first-line, select second line. And that's given us a 45 degree angle. And this distance here will be a 100, and that will be a 100. And I'm going to do that again. And this time I'm going to say distance a 100 again, but now the chamfer angle from a first-line, I'm going to say it's 25 degrees. Okay? So this dummy, now it does matter which line would pick first, because if I, if I outline first, you'll see we get to a greater angle here. So when I said 25 degrees, it was from this first line, if that makes sense. If I was to do exactly the same good to angle distance 100, angle 25 degrees. But this time I pick, this is the first line. You get the angle in the opposite sense because it's IS take him a 125 on this line. Okay, so hopefully that makes sense. We're going to use these in practice of a will become, will make more sense. But us chamfer, again, have a play about it. Have a play with some of the ways you can, you can sell it just by distance, okay? But the main way you would use is by angle. And then it will ask you a distance of a first line. So have a play about with that and get used to using it. The next one, I'm going to do a polyline and I'm going to do an arc like pressing a. This is turned off and on. I'm going to do when a drug that okay. And I'm going to copy it and rotate it. So if you're following along, you don't need to be doing exactly the same. We just put two arcs, which would be kind of difficult to just if you want to join my interval. And it's not a simple case of just extending or anything or trimming. It needs quite a complex curve to do that. So we're going to use that as the example for this blend curves. Okay, we're gonna click that. And now it's literally just swept the first curve, the next one. And you'll say it works out some kind of curve. If we undo that and have a look at our options, we get continuity. Okay? So do you want to tangential or smooth? That was tangential or as a default as GI smooth one. Pretty much the same thing, okay? Now if you click A's, you get some options. So you can, you can set it to fit, which will be a kind of an automated smooth fit. Or you can have various control vertices. Now control vertices will let you pick these vertices and Jacqueline about. So it allows you to edit the way developed back curve, okay? And it gives you a bit of control. So is the blend curves command, again is one of those hardly ever use. But then when you do need it is very useful. The filler in chamfers, I use a lot, especially fill it. Do you use Philip Marvin chamfer? But it would depend on what you're doing. But Phil, It's definitely used a lot for doing rounded corners. Yeah, Phyllis. So I'll say fill is chamfers and blending curves, and if you have a play about them, maybe re-watch it if you didn't quite grasp of the options. Once you get used to use to using these, it's just second nature. The main thing you do is just fill it slightly radius and go have the rounded corner. Okay. So let's fill it and chamfers. 14. CORE SKILLS: Trim & Extend: So we're going to look at this trim and extend command. Now. Autocad sometimes makes improvements to commands and you haven't, but not always improvement straight away. Sometimes you need a better word. In the latest version. They did change the trim command a bit. Personally, I like the way it was. And the new command works is it works how you, how you'd want it to basic drawing. But when you get into advanced joins, it can be quite resource hungry or phone. And because I don't know what computers you working on, for example, it's easier if we just set it to how it was, which is how you'll find that if you ever, you're working on old machine. Okay? So what I want you to do is type in trim mode. Okay? So t i m, m ODE. And yours might be set to 0 wherever it set. So we want to set it to 1. So just type in one enter, okay? Omega. And now all our trim modes will be the same service less than will make much more sense. And we'll look at trimming extent is basically how it sounds. So let's say we've got a line, we've drawn a polyline, and we've got another line. And someone's draw map. Even if it didn't snap, turned on or it was just real for maybe you just edited it down. Okay. You want these lines to be a right angle. You want to you want to trim these loose ends off. So we go to trim. And it's going to ask us trim objects, okay, so we want to select that object and then we right-click. And now I will say slightly object to trim. So we want to trim that. I'm right click. Okay. And that in essence is the basics of other commands. So you select the first object is the object you want to use as kind of a trimming edge where you want to trim to you right-click and then you select the object you want to trim, but you slightly massaged, you want to disappear. Okay? So whichever scientists LET is a side that will disappear, light up, and it's not just used on corners. Let's say we had something like this. And we'd aligned clue through. We'll select trim and we want to trim objects. So we're going to select multiple objects by doing a window about why. Remember if we do it that way, we don't need to touch him. If we did it that way, we'd have to go over whole line. So we go that way. And it's going to slip these four lines and we right-click. And now we can trim in between those lines. We might call it live up and you go. Okay. So that's the trim command. Next to the trim command, we have the extend command, which you've probably guessed what it does is similar, just does the opposite. So we want to extend an object. Where do we want to extend it to? So if I select this line and right-click are convinced lattes. And it will extend it. Okay? And again, you can select multiple, so good, Extend Not one in both directions. I'm not just left-click in. I'll go through that again. So extend. So we left-click the command, we left-click the lines we want to extend to. Right-click to say we've finished the selection and then we left-click the ends. It's important. It's going to want you to quickly, towards the end of a line you want to move. Okay? And it is quite intuitive. It will know it automatically. I meant to finish up command we right-click. So that's the trim and extend command. Again, you'll use those a lot. 15. First Look at the Project : So now we can begin to actually look at the project that we're going to create in this course. And this is an architectural or to cut costs. So we are going to be creating a building layout. And in your resources folder, you should have something called building survey. Now, we have got aversion in millimeters and a version in feet. So you can choose which you'd prefer. If you're unsure of how the differences in how to do that. We did go over the unit's chapter. So you might want to watch for again if you're still unsure, but if you're pretty much out of it, 80 percent, The rest will just come naturally by following along with this course. Okay, so most of my demonstration, we'll be using this millimeters. One. I don't want to be to keep swapping over and say in everyday, mentioned in two different things, or it's just going to get confusing and long-winded and barring. So I'm going to go ahead and start creating this building newsmen millimeters shown here. But if you are using feet and inches and your mockups would feed some inches, just do exactly the same as I do. But set you join up as we did with the units chapter in feet and inches and just use these dimensions. So for instance, whereas I'll be drawing a line at 6 thousand millimeters, you would just type in 19 feet and inches. Okay, So apart from the actual unit itself, everything else is going to be exactly the same. So it's up to you, which would use the both included in the resource folder. And there we go. So What is this? Well, we're going to pretend that a surveyor has gone out to cite, measured up is building, brought back the dimensions and we're going to draw our IT guy. And so this is a typical thing you would do. If he was in an architectural company may be used. Refurbish should miss build in interior design, maybe it leads to a layout for it, decorations. Real estate agents may be measuring up to rent out the office. Whatever the situation we're going to pretend we've got this marked up drawing with all dimensions on, both come from side. And we're going to draw, It's a bin cat. Now, looking at this, I can tell you one thing. This is a cat technicians dream to get a market like this. For one thing, it's obviously already cat, but we'll forget up for a minute. Usually things like this would come to what, a bit of screwed up paper. The dimensions would be scribbled on. You won't be able to read them. The coffee stains on it. The survey is denoted be on it also. So yeah, you probably won't be given some fingers good as us. But for the purpose of this course, we're going to follow along with these mockups and these dimensions. So what have we got? Okay, well, all the dimensions obviously are these numbers with the arrows. The building layout is 20 meters by 10 meters, or 66 feet by 33 feet. And these thick gray walls of external walls here, okay. Inside we've got a number of rooms separated by race internal walls. We've got doors. We've got our main entrance with double-dot here. We've got windows around the building and we've got some blocks in the form of lights. These are streetlights in mobility. So we're going to show up, I still going to mock up and you're going to create, recreate this in AutoCad. And you, after this course, you'll be able to do this over and over. So you'll be able to get some measurements we're building, even measure itself or get them from someone else. And you'll be able to turn out is kinda flouts. No problem. Later on we're going to put it on a title block. Use viewport to view from paper space to model space. Our own dimensions on maybe some notes and get it to a point where you could print it out and give it to someone as a completed floor level. Okay, so this course is going to joyfully, you need to know to do that, which will, the same principle will go for any 2D layer is this is a fairly simple building as buildings go, but it be exactly the same process if there was numerous rooms and new newest during numerous flaws, maybe five floors oversight, but the same process, just more of it. Okay. So let's get started. In the next chapter, we're going to look at settled out those external walls and gets no drawing going. 16. Creating the Building Outline: All right, so let's get started with our drawing. And if you're on this blank screen, that comes up when you first start out. So I've got, just go up here to new and select this you can slightly so when I cut DWT, okay, and click Open. And now we've got our blank drawing here. Dry, make sure your autoclave is setup the way we set to open the basic modules. So your trim mode should be set to one. And in your options you've got your right-click mouse setup, that kind of thing. So we're all working the same way. And let's begin drawing our building. So the first thing we're going to do is just create this external thick wall here, kind of the outline of our building. So it is just a rectangle which is 20 meters by 10 meters. Again, if you work in feet, you can go by these dimensions. If you go out and again, make sure your units are sets up the way you want to work. I'm going to check this. Actually this is inches, so I'm going to set this up in millimeters and decimal, okay? And I'm going to go up here and I'm going to click the rectangle. So we'll just go into the basic light would do them a basic objects chapter. We're just going to create a rectangle and it's going to corner rectangle. Now I'm going to start, I'm going to start down and this is our zeros or origin. Okay? So I'm just going to go somewhere nearby. You don't have to start. There is no reason why you need to start. I really I'm just gonna go down here somewhere close and I'm going to left-click. And now I'm going to pull out a rectangle and I'm going to type in our dimension when millipede millimeters, so it's 20000. And then the top k to switch to vivid dimension. And you can see already we were way out in terms of where we zoom sums. Good type in the 10 thousand. Press Enter, and now I can double-click my middle wheel to zoom extents and zoom out a little bit with a wheel. And now we have it. So this is our building outline and it's pretty much at 000. Not that it matters, but I'm just because this X and Y symbol can sometimes getting my eye, I'm just going to drag it out so about there, okay, just by using the Move, left-click, right-click, and then drag. And that's a nice position for our building layout to start in. The external walls are 300 millimeters thick, okay. Amongst all the way around. So the easiest way to do that, to get aligned free 100 millimeters inside this one would be to use our offset command. So I'm just going to left-click offset. And now it's asking as a distance, so 300 and then slightly objects and click inside. Simple. So now we have our external wall, which is 20 meters by 10 meters. Again, if you were doing that in feet and inches, it would be exactly the same way, but you would use the one foot thickness here. Okay. So depending whether you work in all inches or feet and inches, 12 inches, or one foot, but you just type out dimensioning, say I'm an offset the same way. Again, adult want to show every single measurement is fate and millimeters, or it's going to get a bit long-winded, but it is exactly the same. Whether you typed in 300 or 14, you would have got similar results. And as long as you stick to the same thing, don't do one thing in millimeters and then start adding Fe O, start joining fate 19 millimeters is just whichever using, use up throughout and you'll be able to follow along fine. So from now on I'm just going to work in millimeters. But it should be obvious that if you invade Egypt following along with these measurements. So that's our external law. We've got 20 meters by 10 meters and fringe of millimeters thick. And in the next chapter, we're going to look at putting some internal walls in here. But first, we want to save this drawing, okay, so if you click on Save and then give it a name, save it somewhere on your computer that way if also got crushes or something, you're not going to lose. You were, so Save. I'm going to give it a name. This case building layout is QuickSight. Okay. So I'll see you in the next chapter. 17. Creating the Internal Walls: Right, So now we can start adding amazing tunnel walls and wooden your creating things in our circuit, it's always good to be thinking, see self, What's the easiest way to do this? When you get more experienced as you're actually modelling or drawing a line, your brain will be getting one step ahead and obey already be thinking how you go into Create the next object. You are. If we think about the object, you're actually drawing it up point. But that's further down the line when you get more advanced for now, let's just have a look at this and think what would be the easiest way to create it. So we can see these lines. We have a main corridor here, which is basically two lines if we ignore the doors for a minute. And then we'll look at these rooms. These lines divided my room, rooms are actually the same length either side of a corridor. So I'm already thinking, I don't want to draw things twice. I could just put these walls in right away across. And then I can add the two walls of a corridor. And with some trimming and fill eating and things, I can do all those out. So apps, bus way, I'd like to go months away. We'll look at doing it in this course. So first thing I'm going to do is set out these walls. The early enough to sell from his club. I'm the first one is going to be 4,100 millimeters of 4.1 meters across in our millimeters. In Example, 13, 56 millimeters, 4,100. So I'm going to set that out first. And also the thickness of these walls, Vera, they are a 100 millimeters, a case of always internal walls are a 100 millimeters or four inches for the imperial guys. So let's look at that. We want to line first-line first internal one line is going to run down here is going to be 4.1 meters or 4,100 milliliters of this line. And it's going to ruin all the way down and then be a 100 millimeters Fick. So how can we do that? We could offset line here, but this is a polyline. So it would end up offsetting the whole rectangle. If I clicked on offset in charge of satellite would offset the whole rectangle there. Now, I could draw a line. I'm going, I could offset that. And it would just offset line. But then we're adding geometry and it can get messy later on if we forget to delete it. As an easy way to start your line. To start is line at a point that is 4 will meet us from. So what we do, we turn on this, don't ever stop in reference line. Okay? We turn now on a Mac will let us select a start point. Without creating a extra geometry and I'll show you what to main. Now I'm going to go to polyline and I'm going to hover over this corner, make sure you've got your O snaps on. As we do remember snaps chapter, you've got at least, I would say for this one was put on endpoint, midpoint, perpendicular, and intersection. So hover over this corner, don't click anything, and you'll see when we first hover over it, we get our normal dimensions, grab it, it kind of changes. And it will say endpoint, okay? So Javier cursor over it until it changes. And it says endpoint, when you get this, move your mouse along the wall that you want to measure along, okay? So you go end point. Make sure when you do it you get this kind of green dashed. If you can see that the green dashed horizontal line following my wall where what's happening is, is it's allowing me to start point. A lot like when we put type in a length, when we create in geometry, we can also now doing this, we can just put in a distance for our start point. So I'm going to type in 4 100. And I'm going to press Enter. And you'll see now it's moved for start point of that line. Okay. And if I turn off on with FAA, is moved it to this point here which is 4,100 millimeters long. And I'm just going to go down and because we've got perpendicular on, it will allow us to snap perpendicular. And I can left-click and right-click to finish. Okay? And if I do a distance measurement from here to here, you can say is 4,100. So I'm just going to show you that again because it can be a bit difficult to follow, make sure you've got your oh, snap on, at least end point and perpendicular. And make sure you've got this highlighted here. Click on new polyline. Don't quit but hover over the corner until it changes to just say end point. Move it along the line you wish to measure along. Make sure you've got the green dashed line. You don't have to move it in a, just move it to the correct kind of direction you want to go. You don't have to try and get the dimension correct before 1100, just in general direction you want to measure along. You could move it right out here if you want. As long as you've got this green dashed line and puts him a dimension, you want to move along 4,100 presenter. And now it's moved the start point to that position. Then using the perpendicular step, you can left-click, right-click to finish the command. And there you go. And now we can use the offset command. And I'm going to type in 100, which is the thickness of our internal wall. And I'm going to offset and make sure you offset to the right side. There we go. So far as our first wall, and that is the wall here, Ruden to avoid down. The next one is going to be exactly the same process, but six meters. So let's do that again. Polyline hover over this corner. Wait for it to change. Move along, make sure you get green dashed line, type in six zeros 0000 and then snap perpendicular. Now right? Offset, but it's already set to 100. So you can just right-click because it remembers the last offset you did. And we've gotten to the wall. And again, now next one is another 6. Now we've moved, we've offset this 16 meters, and now we want to offset this one is six meters. So we can do it the same way. All we can just go copy. I'm going to Window select both those lines, right-click. And for the base point, I'm going to click here and drop it to that point. And because I basically copied this wall using my base point, I know that this is 6000 as well as 65 MCO. It's the same dimension. If you doing the same dimension, you can just do it that way. Or you could have done it the same way we did because it's completely up to you. So now we've got these free walls, routineness way. We're going to put two walls running horizontal and this is going to be 3,600 down. So same process, polyline hover over, wait for it to change. Moving down, we've got our green line typed in free 600. And I'm going to go right away across perpendicular snap, right-click, go, sorry, left-click to place it in. Right-clicked on offset 100, saved right-click. And we go. And now I'm going to just offset this to 1000 here. So I'll go offset typed in 2 thousand of 71. Right-click to finish command, right-click to repeat command. This time is 100, end and offset. And just as a check, I'm going to make sure that this distance here is free 600, which it is. So we've got our internal walls now. We just need to tidy up. Okay, if you look on our drawing where our walls cross, we've got these crossing lines. We don't want any walls across the corridor. We don't want all here. Most of that can be done on all of it can be done with just trim extend, maybe some fillets. So let's look at trim him first. I'm going to select trim, left-click trim, and I'm going to click on these kind of in the corridor walls, but on the room side, I'm going to right-click to complete the selection. And now it's going to ask is what we want to trim. So I'm going to just left-click in space here and draw a window right away down McCarthy doll, left-click, right-click to finish command. I must taken all of those out. I don't want these little pieces here because these walls are kind of just won't be internal walls to be one complete kind of flow in section. So we have to, it will fill them all in. We can do the same command. I'm going to select trim, going to left-click, you miss space. I'm going to select all these lines with a window going this way. Remember, for what we have, I would have to complete block would have to cover the whole line this way which is touch them. So I want to trim, I'm going to right-click, and now I'm going to just left-click and select these objects here to trim them out. And then we'll go same again down here. Okay. I'm going to now, this one is a bit different here. We wanted this corner. We don't want a wall and we want these corners. These are open reception area. So what I'll do here, I'll click on fill it. I'm going to click r for radius type. And it's already set to 0 by light. So just make sure we haven't got a curved radius on there. Sometimes you can have a very, very small curved radius and you don't know about it. So I've set that to 0, and now I can select these two lines and give it a radius. And all I need to do is delete that one. And we're done. I'm not is our internal walls easy? So already we've got our main building Lao and our room separations done just using those few commands. So you've probably seen now already what I spoke about in the basic module section. Although also carriage really powerful and it's got lots of commands for different things. The main kind of tool belt, the EU's is just a very small selection of commands that allow you to do quite a lot of things. So in the next chapter, we're going to look at putting a dollar in so you can actually get into these rooms. 18. CORE SKILLS: Groups & Blocks: In this chapter we are going to occur groups and blocks. And the difference between the two. Some people get a bit confused between a table. Each one has a specific use case and we'll look at those now and compare them. So for this chapter, if you want to follow along, we're going to be some a building O1 model. Let's include it in my resources. We've used this before and as I said before, if you open it and it looks something like this, if you haven't gone over Lao, some very positive things yet, Don't worry about it. Just click on down here where it says model. You want it to be a buck, a black background and look like this. Okay, so once you've got this open, you can follow along if you wish. These basic modules again, as we said before, you can just sit back and watch him about teaching the concepts, not necessarily creating something. So feel free to sit back and watch vase. And in your actual modelling lesson, you'll put into practice. Okay, so let's look at groups first. Now, supposing I wanted to change phase Lights, visa lights by way of these orange components in this building now, so in each room you've got a set of lights. Now maybe I wanted to do something with them. And every time I wanted to change them and to sled every light. Okay. Now we've looked at selection tos is quick ways of doing it. It might be you can just right-click it, select similar buzz word in this case. So each time we wanted to do it, we could do that. Select similar, but that doesn't always work and sometimes it's more complex than that or sometimes you might not want every single light. So it might be another building with lights and it's let those as well. So how can we get around my if every time we want to do a command on all of these lights, we have to select them all. Well, we can create what's known as groups. Okay, So if I just do slept similar ones, to slap them. So once I've selected all the objects I want, if I know I'm going to select those again multiple times to do different commands on. But now probably best creating a group out of them. And I can do that by right-clicking and going down, you'll see group. And it is just a group command. Okay, so I can select that. And now it will say down here 22 found an, an unnamed group has been created. Okay? And now when I click just one of them, it select them all. And I can do I can change things, I can do various things on hair, and I can put them on different layers. I can change the cause and effects all those objects in one go because of made from the group. And I can lay them lightly. I can live with the drone is a group if a number its use over and over, I could just leave out and if I right-click now and go to Group, I can get other options. I can ungroup them, which will put them back to individual items. I can click on Add to Group. Maybe I wanted to adapt to the group for some reason. I don't know. I can add objects to it. Okay. Or I can remove it. I wanted to remove waste to say, remove them from the group. And you end up with this group that stays in my drawer in and every time I want to select those same objects, I can do it. Maybe I wanted to do with the doors, so I'll choose select similar. Okay. And I'll advertise to a group. Okay, and now it sounds like the doors, I can just click one and it's a group. But it's not a permanent thing, but it's not an item that remains, they all remain individual items is just a selection, a way of selecting multiple objects and you'll see your pair. If I was to click on the doors, We're all are certainly selected these arcs, but where it's not selected, some of that slack days. Okay, but it's St. Mary's nine arcs in this group. And if I wanted to do things like change the color of them occurred, I could change and alter yellow ocher among different line types, all sorts of things. So that's group. It's just a way of quickly selecting multiple objects over and over again without slept swim, and they remain individual objects. That's the important thing to remember. Very main individual objects themselves. And it's just a group really is a temporary thing you do. And you can ungroup them at anytime. So that's groups. Is there just to help you select multiple objects. So what when our blocks, okay. We've got some blocks. Him is join these lights here, visa blocks. If we look at a light and I'm just going to copy one out so we can play about with it. If I was to click this object, if you look at it first you can say is for lines, we've got two short lines on the end and then the two longer lines. But if I click on one of these lines, it selects the whole thing. Okay? That's because it is a block. Now is it looks like it's doing the same as what a group that maybe we've just grouped these four lines, but a block is different. A block is an actual Osborne object. If I click this, it doesn't say four lines with it would if we group them, it says block reference. It's turned into one object. And you do this if there is an item that you want, multiple instances of in your drawing, okay? Then you create a block. And the beauty of a block is you can double-click that block. Okay? And it'll ask you to editor. So you, this is list of all the blocks in the drawing. You can select a light. And what I'm going to do now is I'm just going to draw our circle. I'm just going to circle it up, okay? Wherever raise and I'm gonna circle that. And I'm going to close out. And it will ask me di, want to save it. So I'm going to save it to the block, okay? And now when we click it again, is just slept in all the objects is a blot. We've edited that block and we've already brought circle. But if we look at all these now, okay, it's done the same and you can see where we've married. A block is where it's put it on the other side. So you can see a block is a, is one object. The EU's multiple times. And by, and if you want to change it, you can just change one instance of it and it will change all the other blocks. So vast a power of blocks. And we tend to use blocks for things like this. It's symbols. If you add some tables or chairs, very would be a block, for instance, and you'd have multiple instances of that block. So the group to recap is a collection of objects, is just an ease of selection thing really. It's just allows you to select the same groups of objects over and over, just by government together, or grouping them together. Sheila say, whereas a block is a, an I, an actual physical item, one item that you've created and saved as a whole. So you've put all those lines in this service together as one object and is just one object. And if you were to select for, say you've slept with four blocks, it wouldn't say you selected 18 lines, for instance. So the eyes are different. And there's all sorts of things you can do with blocks. But the purpose of this is just to outline what they are and the difference between blocks and groups. And again, the best way you're going to learn messages by using them you will do in the courses. So this is an overview and then you'll see a use case for it as you're doing the modelling. But for this lesson is just an overview of what a block is and what a group is. And hopefully you now know the difference. If not, you might need to watch again, but hopefully that was clear enough. 19. CORE SKILLS: Properties : So let's look now at properties and properties in general. Now every object in autocad has properties and its properties, or it can be the way it looks, the way it acts. It can be various things, but even a basic line, just, even a polyline, just a basic line will have set of properties, okay? And you can bring those up by right-clicking and going to properties. And we have looked at this in various other chapters, but let's just look at this in more detail now. You might notice a lot of the time I have this box, this panel permanently on this side. Okay. You do use it a lot or I use it a lot the way I work. And sometimes it is easier to just leave it open. If you, if you're using a smallest screen, if you're on a laptop, something you might want to close it just to give you more room to get it back up, you just select any object, Right-click and properties. Okay? So what does it tell us? Well, if I select the object, we've got things like a color, which is fairly obvious. So the color of an object it can map, can be changed under its properties. Now we also have these properties box here and you'll see when I change things here. It also changes of the properties panel. It has that basically the most used properties, okay. So things like color, line type, but kind of thing. But I tend to use unless I'm just doing quick changes for layer, I'll color attend to use this panel here and we'll, we'll construct a map on this panel. I miss lesson. So we can change the color of an object easily. We can change the layer it's on. So if you not sure what layers are, if you look at the basic chapter layers that will explain that so you can change your layer. We only have one lamb is join, so it's an equilibrium layer 0. We can change the line type. Again, we haven't loaded any image drawing. But if I quickly load them and don't worry if you don't know what I'm doing here. If you haven't yet done the chapter on line types by explains how to load vase M. I'm just bringing some fan-in as an example. Okay, so I can select the line type. Okay, I can change the line type scale. Again, that's discussed in the line type chapter. Plot style. Don't worry about that. Okay? Line weight, line weight is basically the thickness of the line. So by default, line weights are set to bi-layer. If you don't know someone concept of bi-layer, go watch basic layer chapter. But bi-layer just means it's set in the Layer Properties panel. But line weight is how thick outline looks. So you can have thick lines and you can have thin lines. And you might notice when I click this. Line weight. If I put it on a really thick line, like nothing's actually changes, it's still just looks the same mass because we've got an option down here. We can display line weights or not. And you can turn on and off here. So we've got turned on. If I change this line right option, you will say, I can change the thickness and displays. Now some people don't like using line weights. Some people do. Even if you use them, it might be that you don't want to show them because it can, it can get him away, it can overlap things. So sometimes you'd want to turn them off and have everything shown. Default, which is just a thin line, but it's up to us, down to personal preference. And what you working on this chapter really, I'm just show him a properties but how we can change the line, right? Okay. So you can set the line weight, transparency. Maybe we had, let me just say again, don't worry about what I'm doing here. If you want to learn about hatching, do the chapter on hatch in if you're an hour a day. But maybe I wanted this line here. Okay. I wanted to be able to see it. I can click on this hatching and I can set the transparency. So it's 50 percent transparent, Okay, and now you can see the line running through it. It's got transparency. So you can see we can set that in the Properties panel. And anything can have transparency. So line anything. Okay. Okay. We've got hyperlink. Don't worry about thickness. The thickness is, is a free day thing. So just basic costs. Don't worry about anything for it. It generally goes. So a lot of stuff done and you don't need to know this is a coordinate. So we've talked about the coordinate system. This will tell us very coordinates of our line. So we have a start and an end of the line. This is a coordinate in x and y, the start. And this is a coordinate here of the end. So we have these, you do have this ad which will be 0 because it's not for a day. But generally about say, coordinate of status or coordinate vendors. Don't worry about any of this EVA. Okay? That's more in depth. Polylines. If we do a polyline instead of a line, we get the same options basically. But there is a few things with geometry and this is another reason why polylines and more powerful. Because now our polyline properties include things like width. So if we do want to use line weights, okay, we can give the polyline a width. So I could set up, wait for us to either width of one and we have a wide line. Okay? Now why would you do about instead of line weight? Line weight, it's a more of a visual thing. Really. You can control them. Displaying various property. Now why would you want to revise the language? I prefer if I want to thickness do prefer to use a polyline and give it a width. Okay, that's my personal preference. Some people choose line weights. To me, line weights is more something you would use indicative Lee. So if you wanted to select, let's say you wanted the line to look fake and fame for. So you want to differentiate between one line and universal. Maybe the external walls, you want it to be thick, line. Internal walls thinner. You could use line weights. And it goes back to the old days where we used to joke with pens and you would, you have different width of the pen nib. See the thick lines and you'd have thin lines and the thin lines to show little details. And then the main objects like external walls be nice, big thick lines and not be lying waves with a polyline width is actually it's in units. So if you wanted up, if you are drawing a pipe and that pipe was 50 millimeters wide or maybe six inches wide or something. You can actually select that. So if this if this was a Let's say it was a pipe and it was five units wide. Okay. Whether that's millimeters inches wherever it's 55 millimeters or five inches wide, you can actually give it a width of five. So you're working with units, so it's actually to scale. The width is to scale was with aligned way tends to be more of just a display, a visual thing. This is actually five units wide. Also what you can do with a polyline wet, you can have different start and end with. So if it was something like a pipe gradually getting larger, forever reason. You could start at one and finish at five and you can do just like that, but it's all correct. Co-op, correct dimensions. That's the thing with these five units and that's one unit. So it's accurate. It's not just a visual thing or another, I just, for that reason, I prefer to use polylines with widths whenever I'm giving it away. Okay? And you can also wear properties. Also comes at a 100 few of a rectangle. If that was, let's say that was a room. Okay. So so small to be room to a bigger one. So it's it's just but size. Okay, so, so if you click on it, you can get an area, okay? You can also get a length of a whole, so the perimeter just by clicking on it. So it gives you the information you might need. If someone came along and says, tell me the area of that room, you can just if it's not already draw a polyline all around the outside and click on it and it'll tell you the area. Okay. Just remember it's in your units. So if this room was drawn in millimeters, when you go in the area, it's millimeters squared. Okay, So indeed converge remap decimal point if you wanted to emit this graduate after bringing out. But yeah, you can get my information in the properties. Different objects will have different properties. So a circle, it will have radius and diameter and circumference area. And you can change it, you can put in, you want it to change the radius, you can type it in and it will added so you can edit it in this properties panel. Okay. You are the center, the coordinates of the center point, as well as the usual things like layers, close fitness, that kind of thing. So that's properties is one of those things. E is kinda go to panel for Information Interchange things quickly. Sometimes you'll say open up my drone with, as we go through lessons. Sometimes it won't be because I use it a lot. Sometimes I tend to even forget it's open and I use a fairly big screen as well. So I've got plenty of room in the joint spaces. So sometimes I'm working away and I forget it's even open. So it might be that even when I'm not using it, because I'm using a big screen. But if your show on screen space, disclose it, you can always bring it back code with right-click Properties. Okay? So what would you do if you had one objects and you wanted to have another object with the same properties, it can get tedious and long winded to kind of select an object and put it on the door. Maybe this maybe I had a, just a rectangle here and I wanted to have the same, all the same properties as wisdoms is door here. So I could put a middle layer. But maybe it was already set to a different line type. You see it's not set to bi-layers. I've got the changed by this he got to go through and you got to change all these settings. But where is this button here which I use all the time, it's called match properties. And what that will do, it will just say, okay, I want you to take the properties of this object and apply them to our object is just a simple audit. Again, C can left-click, left-click. And now this one will take on all the same properties of the object. You select it first. And it's great if you've got a lot of objects you want to change. Something like say is all the time. In terms of making your joins onto a standard. It makes things so easy because you can just select multiple objects and match them to the properties of another. So you'll see me using this in the example where we can, for example, chapters and the cost chapters. And you'll see me use Mesilla us much properties. 20. CORE SKILLS: Linetypes : So next up we're going to look at line types. And line types is a fairly simple concept, is just your, the way you align looks if you like. So I'm just gonna draw straight line by line. And this is a solid continuous line. And this line type that we're seeing now, when you first draw a line, the solid continuous one is called continuous. Okay? So it is just a normal line with no breaks or anything. It's called continuous, but as the name of the line type. But suppose we wanted this to be a dashed line. We need to change that. And the line types can be found here. This pull-down menu is third one down. And you've gotten our side. And you'll see all the line types that are currently loaded in your drawing. Now with AutoCad, it contains in the software many line types that can represent different things. But you don't necessarily anything right? Line types and things aren't takes up memory in your journey. It makes your drawing file size larger because all those like Zipes have to be stored within my drawing. So you don't want your default drawings when you first create a new drawing, you don't want them to contain all the line types because there's probably most of them you'll never use in my drawing. So they're going to sit there in the background of your dried credit, taking up space, making your drawing files larger, which affects been able to email and things like that. So the way Auto Cut works with things like that, light line types, the objects variable aboveground in the software, but they're not loaded in the drawing until you bring them in. So what you do is if you want any bringing the lines habit isn't here. You go to the bottom and Mrs. your line type manager. So this is where you can manage the line types that are contained in this drawing. And we can click on load. And now we've clicked on load. We will see the list of line types available to us. And there's all sorts of things. So you've got your u dots, you've got your dashes. Here. There's also one under the dashed one called hidden, which is similar to dashed. It's just different way of doing it. Okay. You've got things like fence lines, which is a dashes that with a circle or a square. You've got gas, which is obviously a gas line. So there's all sorts of things. Here's exacts, hot water. And it might be the inner project. Or wherever you go to work. They are very thin line types that are created as well. But generally for basic Georgia can find what you need in the standard article ones just by going to load and look in here. So we're going to change this to a dashed one. I'm actually going to use. It's just personal preference. I prefer these hidden wounds. Okay? I'm going to select hidden. And I'm going to click, Okay? And what that will do about, well, these lines have IJ and now slightly about butt's loaded it into our drawing. So if I ok dot bots now loaded into the Jordan, and if I select this line and this pull-down, I now have this hidden line type and I can put my line, I'm a hidden line type, okay? But where is it? It's still showing as continuous. Well, what's happened is we, whenever you have a pattern. So these line types here, you also have a line type scale. And what does that mean? Well, you imagine a dashed line. You have. Let's look at this dashed line here we've brought me. So this hidden line, for instance, you have a series of small lines with spaces in between. Now, those can be different sizes. Need to autocad listed oversize. How long do you want these individual lines and how long the gap. And that's controlled by the scale. So a small-scale line type would have v small lines, very small and the gaps, tiny gaps, and they'd be very close together. This is quite a small scale as it's shown. The small lines are small gaps, but you can go way, way, way smaller to a point where you can't even see the gaps and the line, okay, which might be what's happened here. This is just the dashes and gaps are so smallest blended into one continuous line. The other way you can go is with a scale so large that one of these lines is bigger than the length of that line here. In which case it would also just shows one line because we haven't actually reached any gaps yet on this scale. So by changing the scale, you can make the line look however you want it to. Okay, and how do we do that? Well, let's click the line and we've got our properties panel. If it's not open, you can go right-click Properties and you'll see we have line type and underneath we have line type scale, which will usually be set to one by default. If I was to change the scale, make it 10. You can see we now can see our line. So one was to smaller scale. If I change up to 100, we now have larger lines and larger gaps. If I change it to 1 thousand, we lose our gaps because we've got such a bigger scale. We haven't reached any gaps yet. We still covered by line and we can demonstrate that by just knock it down a bit. So 75th day we get one gap, two lines and a gap. Okay. A 100. Same. Okay. So a 100 bigger gap, amen. Now if we go 900, that's when we lose it. So that means our scale is too large. And if we were to put it back to the scale of one. We can zoom in and see what happened. It was so smallest scale okay, for the size of our line. So because lines have a different length, if you would obviously want, depending on the scale of your join you, you might want to show your lines a different scale. Two of us. Okay. It's not one size fits all. You can't just slept a dashed line because you also need to tell the computer this scale so it knows how to represent them. So that's line type scale and it's something that a lot of the time. You might just need to do a bit of trial and error if you click Alignment and just play about, and so you get a scale which looks correct. It also means you could have two objects in the same drawing, both using the head command, but you can have them, make them look different. So you could set this at 250. So you can see this line could easily represent something completely different to that line. Even though they're both the same line type. When you've got lots of objects that you want to represent in different line styles. You can do it not just with the style, but with the scale as well. So let's look at some different line types here. Let's load in. Let's go with dash dot, okay? And let's go with this guess. Okay? So only dashed dot line. And this gives you, as you can say, as it's named, it's a dash and a dot. Again, you can control that with the line type scale. This would be a gas line. And again, with the scale, you can make it look different. So yeah, you can use a bit of trial and error to get a scale you want. But if you, the palm thing to remember is if you bringing out a line type and you've changed your pair and it's still showing continuous is 99 percent of the time, it's down to your scale, okay? And all these things can be set. So if we just go back to the bi-layer, all these things on the line way, Sorry, the line type. So you can set a line type on the layer, okay? But the line type scale is set individually, which will allow you to have different, different lines on the same layer with different scale line side. Maybe this was a one type of gas line was another. Okay. Now you might have them on different layers, but the line type scale, it will be controlled individually. But that's basically the lifetime. So that's all you need to know is it's a fairly simple concept. The important thing, the most tricky thing is a scale once get used to use them at scale. And dystonia is fairly simple, but it can trip people up when it doesn't look like a line type has actually changed. It just leads you to go in and adjust scale to suit. 21. Adding the Doors: So our buildings looking good or at it. But it would be a bit difficult to get into these walls is no Dawes is no one knows nothing. So we're going to put adores him first. And let's have a quick look at these. I'm going to save a surveyor has said where 900 wide and a 100 millimeters from his well, he hasn't mapped them all generally, that would mean they're all the same. So that's how we're going to draw it. We're going to draw all these 900 wide internal doors. Forget about this one for now. And we're gonna make them a 100 millimeters of hair. Okay, So the way I'm gonna do is I'm going to, because we've got objects. Whenever you've got objects like these doors for lights, for Windows, I'm, are all the same. You want to be thinking blocks. We've looked at block Sigma basic in the core modules. So we're going to use it, we're going to actually put into use here and see how it can help us. So anytime you see objects that will say when you've got many of them, just always be thinking this could be a block away. I'm going to draw, this is quite simple. It's just a line. So it'll be 900 line, and then it will be an arc which can do with a circle and trimming out. And then we'll have two lines to just close off the wall. So let's create our first one and we'll create it here. So I'll click on polyline. I'll hover over this point. Move out, make sure you get the green line and I'm going to type in 100 setters, 105 wall. And then with a perpendicular snap, I can click, left-click and right-click to end the command. Now I can offset, use a value of 900. And now we have our opening. I'll now draw a line from this point, a pair and I'll type in 900 to make it 900 long and finish up command. A command do a center point circle from here to the end. And then only need to do is trim using this line. And I'll draw a line, right-click and trim out. You go. The final thing to do is to trim. And I will select these two lines here. Right-click. Trim out all. And there we have it. But as our first door now it's fairly simple. Some places and pull it would be a bit more detail. Maybe this would have a thickness. You might have some details of the frame here, but again, that's just detail that would extend the cost too long. Make it bar denotes draw lines. You know how to turn this into whatever data you want to add, you know, after doing this course. So we're just going to show it. Indicative Lee, which a lot of the times you do just by this line and this arc. So that's showing how the door swings and how it opens, which is the important thing to know. If you were installing this door, it needs to know how to hang it, where the hinges are and which side opens. And this symbol, which is kind of a universal symbol for dog, tells you that the hinges are part of a frame and it opens that way. And usually, when you do in design law is how you would do it. You, you don't want a doll Opening the other way because you want to be able to see my room when you open the door on people in the room to see who's walking through when you open the door. So generally, it would open this way against the wall. Now, the only time of the main time isn't a case is in a bathroom when for privacy reasons, the dog does tend to open, we have away. So if you walk into their own bathroom, you don't just get a full glimpse into a room. You get a bit of warning and serve as everyone else. So yeah, most cases, that's how you would do a DOM. That's how we'll go ahead. So we've created that now. We want to put in all the other places on our layout. So we could copy all those objects and we can copy it there. And we could copy it there. Now, this one is bit different because it's it's the other side of the corridor is hopefully move away. This one is a bit different because it's swinging, move away. But it's the same object is just, you can use the mirror command to create those. But we don't want to be selecting every object. We've got the door there, the line, the line. We don't want to be slept in all that every time. So we're gonna make a block out of this. And to do that, you can go to this under the Insert. It says, Hey, create block, or you can just type in block. And you get this block definition. And it's asking us how we make, how do you want to make a block, okay, So we'll give it a name and I'm going to believe it or not, I'm going to call this door. And now just work through the options and these free columns. So it wants to have a base point. You imagine if you create a block every time you bring that in and do a repeat of the object, you want to base point, where do we drop it? Okay, So for the base point, I'm going to click Pick point. And I'm going to use for the base point. This here, which is kinda where the wall opens on the door side. Objects. I'm going to click on Select Objects. And I'm going to click select these four objects here and right-click. And we can allot, we can forget all of us, okay? We don't need by using these two buttons are basically done everything we need with. I'm not going to give it a description. I think it's fairly obvious by the name or what is. Okay. In a more complex John, you might want to, I'm just going to click Okay. And now we click on this object. You can see just clicking it once everything is selected. If I was to right-click and go to Properties, it will now say it's a block. And its name is though. Okay, so all I need to do now, I'm going to look up which does we have the same orientation. So this one is the same. This one is the same. And there are a 100 off the wall. Okay. So I'm just going to do a straight copy of this one to here and to here. So I can go back to Home, copy and right-click for the base point. Now, I can use this corner and that will allow me to drop it. I'm going to right-click. And now I'm going to go to trim. And I'm going to select that now even though this is a block and if I was to just slept it, it selects the whole thing. When you're doing a trim, you can select the individual pieces and right-click and then trim. And so again, right-click to redo trim or click on trim. So at least two wall points and are blocked, right-click and then left-click to trim them out. So now we're free blocks in our join for the others. Well, we won't list dot here. Now, you can see it's just a mirror copy of life. We just mirror this. It will be in the right place. We just need to make sure it's a 100 millimeters off. So an easy way to do this would be to create some kind of temporary geometry, just a temporary line. If we create a temporary line joining those two corners. Okay. We make sure we've got our midpoint. Oh, snap on. What we can do now is select mirror, select our block, right-click, and then click on the midpoint of that line we've just created and just pull down and it will allow you to mirror. Do you want to raise the source objects? No, we want to keep this one. They go and now we can delete that line. It was just a temporary lines help us. And we know that this is a 100 millimeters off because it's been married from the midpoint, if that makes sense. If it doesn't watch it again, but hopefully it did. And now we can just again use those clips, trim out and we have our doors. We're gonna do some similar. So you can see these two and this one are just mirrored across the corridor L. Okay. So that is a mirror image of that? That's a mirror image of that. That's a mirror image of that. And the mirror line would be right down the middle. Simple. So you're always looking for the easy way is to duplicate and create geometry that save you a bit of time and don't worry if it's hard to visualize that a is in the style you don't, then you're more concerned about what you're actually drawing it that time. But as you get more advanced, more used to the software, things like join lines will become second nature and you will be gained the thinking ahead of it and the best way to do do the job you need to do next. So I'm gonna go to mirror again. I'm going to select our free blocks. I'm going to right-click and I'm going to snap to the midpoint of that line, left-click, and then I'm going to drag that way. Erase source objects. Now, right-click, and now we've got our dolls in the correct place. And I'm going to click Trim. Okay? And I'm going to select these points now. I'm just gonna do it as 1 command, 1 trim command. So I'm going to select all those. And right-click and I'm going to trim out. And there we go. We've got our dolls in place. So the only other thing we want to add is a way of getting into the actual building itself. I'm not cis double doll here. So we know it's him a center. Okay. And it's because it's for one hundred and four hundred Heaviside and it's 8800 wide. So the way I'm going to draw this, I'm going to do a line and I'm going to snap to the midpoint, just check it out. And I'm going to offset 900 IV aside to give us our DAW. I'm then going to create a circle from middle line to the center. Line to the center. And then just use a trim. Trim those out. I'm going to use a trim again. But this time they will be looking at tonnage. And I'm going to trim out all down. I'm then going to trim a gain. We use fish line. And I'm going to trim out. All right, we've got a moment. Our DAW extends all the way. I want these to be two different lines just for reasons that will become clear later on. So I'm just going to use the grips, going to click that line and we're going to drag that back. And then I'm going to create a separate line to close up walls. So we have one line to the wall, on one line for the DAW. Same again here. Use the grips, drag that back for its new line. And I can get rid of this now. And I'm actually going to make this a block. We've already got one of them. I don't really need to be a blot. Okay. So there we go, our doors and we can now get in our building and intervene individual rooms. But it's gonna be big. It's going to be a nice place to work. There's no windows. So in the next chapter, we're going to look at creating a Windows, which will be a very similar process. We're going to create a block of a window and just copy it along. So it is in the next chapter. 22. Adding the Windows: All right, so let's look at amaze Windows now. Quick look at our survey. So all the windows of the same size, they are all two meters long. Okay. And how has shown again, this is kind of a standard. You could add more detail if you had more detail, I miss cases. We just want to show window, so it's going to be a rectangle. And then we'll have just these free, narrow lines in the middle, kind of representing a pane of glass. The main thing is the width is two meters and the thickness of the wall. So we can easily do that with a block. And we'll create the first one in the correct place, which is 900 office corner. So I'm going to first film where there is draw a rectangle. I'm just going to draw out here just to make it easier for us. And I'm going to do is to 1000. Tab three hundred. Three hundred was the thickness of our wall. Okay. I can then move this right-click slept but as a base point and put it in my comma. And then I'm going to go move again, select the object, Right-click with Ortho on, so it only moves, which is FA, remember, we don't want it moving down here. We can have also all we can just drag it somewhere out in misdirection and type in 900. And now that is in the correct place. And just want to add that extra bit of detail, which was just a line from the middle. Okay? And then for the next one, I'm just going to offset it unless offset if 50 of it will look okay. 50 either side. And there we go, and that is our window. Now we're not worried about colors and things yet. We'll do that later on. The main thing is we want to visit block, okay, So again, we'll go insert and we will say Create block. And what are we going to call this? Well, probably guessed window, pick point. We'll use of it. We'll use that as our base point. Either these columns would do. We're going to go with that one. Select objects, I can just Windows select all those and right-click, click. Okay, and now we've got a window block. So let's look at setting these out. The next one is going to be 3,600, okay? So there's a few ways you can set these out. Probabilities is one is do some construction lines. So what I'm going to do is we're going to draw a line from there and we will just extend out again. Don't worry about like for is just construction lines are temporary lines just to help you lay things out. Okay. And I'm going to do so I'm going to offset sorry, I'm going to move on. So I'm going to create a construction line, just office. And here, now construction lines are temporary lines just to help you set things out. So don't worry about leg, just a random line up in that direction. And then if we check this distance, the next one is 3,600 away. So I'm going to offset phrase 600. Okay? And I'm going to offset that side. Now you can copy this block. Right-click use as a base point and put it there. And there you go. You've placed your window, you could you could do that again further down. The next one is 4,100. Another way you could do that is you could copy it and typing the damage, but bear in mind when you copy in, you need to remember to. So let's say we were going to copy this and we're going to use this as a base point. We can't just type in 45 swollen joint because if we use it misses a base point, it will jump up. Base point nano window will be in this position. So if we use this is a base point. We would have to copy it for files 12 plus two files and so it ended. Okay. So it would be 6,100. And I'll demonstrate now. So we can say Copy, select the object, Right-click, use this as our base point. Move our cursor misdirection and type in 6100. And that would give us, if we measure that, that will give us our 4,100. Hopefully that made sense. Re-watch up. But if it didn't sometimes to be honest, just drawing lines that are offset in them and deleting them Cambyses way. There's no right or wrong. We've cut. There's lots of different ways to achieve the same result. So it's entirely up to you whether you do have a copy or you just offset the gap. Alright? And use up Geometry, use those construction lines and then get rid of them. I'll do that a lot. Sometimes when you're off in a world of your own career and lots of things you don't want to be doing calculations and bringing in areas. You just want to be listening to music and joined away that kind of thing. So to do that, use the lines and then delete them. And we can see down here our windows, the dimensions between our windows. Most buildings are creating symmetrical of why is it don't look right. So our windows are spaced exactly the same distances. Service block we can just mirror, okay, so we can select all four blocks. Go to mirror, I O snaps on, we can go to a midpoint, which is mirror point where and when right-click and we've got our Windows in. I'm not say it. So now we've added all our windows. And they are all set as blocks, simple to already where we really get MNO. This doll looks a bit strange. I wouldn't like to be walking out of his office if someone came in the main engines. But that's why answer is we're just going to leave it whereby it's just an example. It was actually designing a building. Our output will change up. In this case, let's not worry. So we have our building, we can get a1, we can get in each room and we can see up a window. And remember, at the end of each phase, click Save because autocad can crash, is not immune to crushing. So save your work. And I'll see you in the next chapter. 23. Creating and Editing Blocks: So the next thing we're going to do again to advise lights and let's just say the surveyor pick them up. These, when you add in things like lies generally be in the form of a symbol rather than trying to draw something that looks exactly like that. Things like light sockets, light switches, lights themselves, all those kind of things tend to be shown with symbols rather than too much detail. And the only thing in this case that would be correct would be the length of it. So you might have different flights. Let's say you had a light that was a meter long and a home that was 1.2 meters, maybe one that was only 600 millimeters, and you'd have those saved as blocks, which you just use. The caret symbol would look the same. It would just change in length. Okay. So in our case, the surveyors picked up that there's light, this number of lights of foreign matter to him, not room for in my room. Let's just say it's broke down. I'm going to read all 1200 length lights. So for imperial guys, say fall foot-long, kind of straight lines. And we're going to draw phases is block like shown here, which is kind of a standard light block. We're going to draw them 1200 long. So let's start by just creating one and our click on a polyline. And I'm just going to do the line 1200, okay. I'm going, I'm going to offset that. And let's say, let's offset 50. See how it looks. I'm going to offset it 100. So we just create an assemble hair really, there's only about 1200 length which was of any importance. So I'm just going to create a line from those endpoints. Now I'm going to scale just to create a tibet this line longer. So I'm going to clip the scale command. Select line, right-click, select the midpoint, and I'm going to scale it by two. And now it gives us a double length lines as just a simple way to do that, we can now mirror it. Okay, use the midpoint as your base point. And there we go. That's our, our liked. I'm going to turn that into a block. Polarity. Guess what I'm going to call it. I'm going to select for the base point. I'm going to set the midpoint here. It doesn't really matter in this case. And for objects, I'll select all of them. I'm going to, okay, so now we have this light block here. We can start adding in the rooms. So in this room we've got two down the center. So first we want to do is find a center line. Again, I'm just going to, I'm going to create because we haven't really got line who can't use a midpoint of this? We can use a midpoint is I'm going to create a new line. Here. And then I can find my midpoint. I'm going, I'm going to delete that line. You don't want to leave these kind of things Lomax, you forget the ML might cause problems later on. And now I can move the block. I can use the midpoint and put it there. Okay. I'm going to use grips to move visits. And now our line is for width of the room. I could do him a mirror on there and use our midpoint is a base point. And that looks okay. So now we've got two lights in our room. I'm now going to use Vose and I'm going to copy them. And I'm going to do this by, I am going to put it there, okay? And then I'm going to draw another construction line. I'm going to go from that midpoint, midpoint. And I'm going to use that to mirror them. So now we've got the four. And now this room is the same size as this one. So in this case, I can select all fall copy from that base point to the k. And for this one, we want to lights, I'm just going to say is in the middle. So I'm going to do a line from there and then take a midpoint down. Remember to delete our own. And now I can copy that midpoint and perpendicular lines. You can see how these objects snaps really help you lay things out. And then let's just delete these construction lines. And there we go. We have our room, our lights laid out. Now. Is that accurate? No. If you add electrical guy or you'd actually taking measurements of phase, they would tell you exactly where. In this case, it's not important, but very indicative. Okay. If this was an electrical light for electrical technician, you would generally use something like a ceiling grid so that beer, a ceiling gradient newsroom and you show which squares it was gone into, argued. If it wasn't a ceiling grid, you'd dimensional off the walls for electrical contractor. We know how to do about it. We don't we don't need to go into all that detail is just indicative in this case. And a lot of the time when you create things in CAD, you will be working. Indicative Lee light, yes. Okay. And what you can do now, we can just copy it, used that as a base point. Now, I would say probably some lights Dharma car at all, but we haven't gotten them on our survey. Maybe they use freestanding lumps or something like that. These two on an area. So we're just following a survey. So that's how we get our lines. And again, don't worry about a cause for now. We'll do the under layers that you can see. We've got our blocks, our light blocks, blocks, we've got our window blocks, we've got our wall. So already we've got this floor layout done is it's basically draw now it's just a case of tidy, nope. And applying some standards before we go into it. Title block, I might say so creates the most Blocks, allows you to do same geometry very quickly. And just these which still use pretty much basic Auto Cut commands. And we've already got our building layout. So, yeah, fairly simple. You could go or you could do that. It could already can measure up a building and joy. And in the next few chapters, we're just going to look at tiding and applying some standards. 24. CORE SKILLS: Layers 01 : So now we're going to look at some layers. And layers is something is fundamental in autocad rarely. And some people, you should use them. It makes your life easier. It would also, if you was in the workplace that would expect you to use them. Some people don't, especially self-taught people can maybe not use them because we're not used to them. Also cut like a lot of CAD software. It's one of those things you could start using it. You could find your way through it. You could learn to draw rectangles and things and is quite self-explanatory. And maybe some new self-taught could end up being able to draw the object I wanted to draw. And they think, Well I notice Auto Cut. But there's all sorts of things in there such as that kinda cut standards and just professional ways of using this software. But if you're not showing you wouldn't even know you were supposed to do. And that's one of the, one of the ways in the workplace you can tell someone who's kinda just picked up a software and let's use it against someone who's been properly trained is a waiver. You do certain things with layers is definitely one of those things. So it's important to know about layers and also how they can make life so much easier, especially when you start getting a more complex drawing. So we'll look at the basic principles in this chapter and in other chapters. In the actual cost is you, you put them into practice. But we'll go over now looking at just the principles behind the layer system. And to do that, we're going to use an example drawing in the resources, which is building 0, 1, okay? And if you open that, now if you open it up and it looks like this, okay, you're in the layouts up. If you don't understand what that is, don't worry, you just haven't got var1 you cost yet. But you want to, if it doesn't look like this with a white background, you want to click down here where it says Model. Okay. And you, you be covering all that Lightroom, whatever cost you doing if you haven't already. But for now, just click on Model so you'll get a black background and it will look similar to my screen. Unlike us, look at what layers are all about. So let's imagine we've got this building layout here, and we've got our external walls. We've got our Windows. So this is a building layout is fairly simple, but a large building will just be the same on the largest scale. So is this a good example? And we were looking down on the building plan. If you're not used to looking at building plans, we're looking down on kind of a fruit of a building. Okay? So these gray thick walls have easily external walls of the building. And the green objects of a Windows. So it's going to cook for you if you imagine curtain a line halfway up the wall of a building and it goes through the windows and the doors. This is what we're looking at here. These thinner lines of internal walls. So they would be like a partition wall, the blue objects doors. So these are shown a DAW and it's showing how it swings. If you just showed a doll hair is a line in the wall. It wouldn't tell you how that door opens. So you need to know which way it would actually swing, which would tell the person building a layout out. A hungry dog gets hung in Han is swinging this way. Okay, so it's important to know that again here you've got a double doll. And that's kind of a standard, standard. You might have more detail of a frame on some blocks. But for the simple ala, as far as the standard block or standard way of creating a doll. So these orange objects, these are strict lights on the ceiling. So this would probably be a lighting layout, for instance, for the electrical contractor. And that's basically us. Again, a simple output is going to, it's all created properly using the caret layers. So what are layers? Well, a layer is a way of separating objects into similar groups, if you like. So the layers can be found. We have a layer tab here, which will give you commands to work with layers. But if you want to actually see the layers, the founding of the properties box here. And if we click on layer properties, which is this button, it will come up with this Properties Manager here, which allows you to manage all the layers in a drawing. And now we'll look at this and it will give you an idea of what layers actually do. If we look at our list here, and I'm just going to move it. So you can see the join as well. We have Layer 0. Layer 0 is standard when you create a jarring. If I was to go and creates new drawing just by clicking on top, we get new drawing and I will lay a manager now in this joint it says Layer 0. Okay? So when you start new journey as Wooden layer, which is layer 0. And if you want to create anymore, you need to add them. And we'll look at in a minute. But back to this one. We have layers apart from layer 0. We've got Def points. Def points is kind of an automatically generated layer. Just ignore that for now. Don't worry about it. But these layers are layers of being created in this drawing. And we've got layers for each item or each type of item. So we've got doors, which is obviously the dollars. We've got the external walls, which is these thick walls. We've got internal walls. We've got lighting. Okay. Title block to worry about Windows. Windows is these green objects. Okay. And then we've got one called hatch. Hatch is basically the hatch inside the walls. Sometimes you might want to show up, sometimes you might not. So why do we separate them out? Well, perhaps is a good example. Let's say for this join, the electrical contractor says Actually, I don't want to show the hatched in this building. Okay. Maybe we act at those electrical contractor doesn't for whatever reason. Because this is on hatch layer all we can do a select this light bulb here, okay. It's lightbulb is a visibility icon. It's kind of standard again, around Autodesk range of software. If light bulb is on, it's visible. If the light bulb is off, which can do by clicking it. It's not visible. And you'll say our hatches all disappeared now, but it's not deleted. All we've done is turn all hatches off. Okay. Like look him up. And maybe this drawing goes someone else, Not the electrical contractor and they don't want the light showing. We can go to lighten and we can switch that off. Okay. And we can switch those off. We can switch the internal walls off. We can tell a Windows out. Okay. So now we've just got our walls with the openings for the windows but not the actual Windows. Sorry, external. And if we wanted to bring any vacuum, we can just turn them on and off again. So Vi is really the principle of layers. You enables you to turn items off a MATLAB not visible and do of a change properties which will only affect that group. So let's say the internal walls. So we turned to hatch off, okay, the internal walls. I want all those to be dashed lines. So you can select the line and you could go dashed. Okay? So that's additional and you could select all the lines for the internal walls and you could do the same. But what you'll notice is that most objects by default when the created, the line type style is bi-layer. Okay? I'm not goes for, if I click on the color wheel, that can be set to bi-layer, okay, the line thickness can be set to bi-layer. So what does bi-layer mean? Well, it means those properties, whether it be color, line type, whatever have been set in the layer manager. 25. CORE SKILLS: Layers 02 : So we can slip up in the layer command by going into line type dashed. Okay? And you'll see all our internal walls are now dashed. So what we've done, we've selected the particular property which is line type. We've selected it in Malaya manager, which means every line on that layer ok, will change as long as, as long as the object itself is set to bi-layer, which means it takes a line type by the life if you can go on here. So maybe forever rays and this line, for instance, These two lines, you didn't want these dashed, you want to them continuous. You can select those individually to be something else. Okay. So you do have option of not having it bi-layer, but generally the way you want to work is just having it bi-layer, okay? And then controlling things in the layer command. And we could pull out that's continuous. And we can do that so easily because we can show it by layers. Everything becomes easier. Maybe the color. Okay, Well, actually internal walls, I don't want them. Why? A woman red. Okay. I want all the internal walls to be shown in red. Well, we can just click on our layer manager. We can go to color red. Okay? And now we'll change. This one hasn't changed because its color is set under this properties panel. If we change it to be bi-layer, so it takes its color from the layer manager and it will change. And that gives you a lot of control over your drawing because it allows you to quickly change objects and turn objects on and off, okay? And this is why in the workplace, when you create your work with large layouts with lots of things on, it becomes more important because you really would want to be able to differentiate between objects that are similar and turn objects on and off. Later on your lookup layer controlling viewports, it's too complex look at now, but by his way, layouts will come into their own. It allows you to do so much with your drawing. So do get used to using layers. Do good, even if it's just general, you can name them. When you drawing for yourself, you can name them what you want. And the easy way is to name them what they asked her, dolls, external walls, etc. In the workplace, you tend to find projects have our own layering system, so that can be codes. There's a lot of different ways of doing it. Generally, it will be code numbers for different items that reference about two documents. It there's a few eyes but you would give a map in the workplace, you'd be given a kind of lay a table and it will say walls go Miss layer does go misfire. Okay, so that's how you would set. So let's look now at creating a layer. And I'm going to do rounded, just draw a table, okay? And it's going to be a very basic table. It's just going to be a rectangle. So that's the table and maybe that's a chair. Okay. I know, but just pretend. So we want to credit a couple of layers 14, we could create one for furniture and put them both on. Oh, it could create separate ones for tables and chairs. The way you would do that, it depends on what you're going to be doing going forward. Some people will detail layers down to individualize. I've seen joins before where a tree, it add a layer for a branches under layer for the leaves. Why you would need up or do not know, maybe an automated want to turn off who knows? But it all depends on what you see yourself doing without Germany in the future. If you don't think there's any reason you would need to show tables and chairs or any reason you would want to show chairs and tables and just create a furniture layout. Okay. If the tables have been done by one contractor, matures by another supplier, maybe would want to differentiate them. In that case, you would have a different layout, a layer four tables and chairs. It doesn't really matter. End of the day. It's up to you. And really it depends on whether you would want different colors, all different line types of V ability to turn one off and not the other. So we're going to do it as an example. We're going to create two layers. And you, we can create a new layer in this layer properties box. We click this here, which is new layer, okay? And that gives us a new line on our Layer table. And it's asking you to type something in, but default is layer 1. The next default would be layer two and so on. So what I'm going to call this jazz press Enter. We now have a layer called chairs. But if I turn it on and off, nothing's going to happen because we haven't actually put anything on it yet. I'm going to create another layer. And I'm going to call up tables. Again, nothing's happened yet. So we're now actually so we now have to put the objects on the correct layer. And to do that simple, you just click it. So when you click an object on the layers, it will say the layer objects on the layer amendment is under the title block layer. Why is under the title block layer? Well, you always need to have one layer selected as the current layer. If I draw a line that has to be on one layer. And you'll see under the layer manager, we have a green tick can start subplot. So that means that's telling us title block is for current layer. We can also see it's recurrent layer because it's selected here. Okay? So if I was to select, if I wanted 0 is a current layer. I could double-click it in line manager. Or I could change a headphone to chess to be the current layer. I could select jazz. So now with this selected, if I draw a rectangle now, but it's on the jazz layer, I can select the object and it's on the chairs layer. Okay. What about changing it? Well, all I need to do is select the object. And I can use this pull-down menu. And I can say, okay, how much is on a layer now called chairs? And I'll do the same with this one, is going to go on the tables layer. Okay? So we have chairs and we have tables. And if I was to now turn tables off, that will disappear. Same with chairs. And now we get a message. And this message is saying, it's basically asks you, do you want to turn the current layer off? Be very careful with turning off the layer that is set to current. And I'll demonstrate why. If we turn this current layer off. So chez is current and it's turned off. And I now start drawing a line. Nothing happens. I'm going to do again. Nothing up. Autocad is a broken. Everything I'm drawing is not there. We've probably guess what's happened. And if I turn chairs on now you will see all these lines are Joe pair. So but as a danger you have in your current layer turned off, really shouldn't ever have a current layer turned off. Best thing to do, certainly we're beginning is leave 0 as your current layer menu. Now anything you draw, anything new that you create is on layer 0, okay? And that tells you that anything that hasn't been given a layer is on layer 0. So supposing I drew bookcase or ANOVA table. Okay? So let's suppose a journal of a table, but I forgot to put that on a layer. If I was to turn all these off, which we can do, you can select the top one. And just like in other software you can use, just like any other software you can use Control to select individual ones, or you can use Shift select to select the whole list. So if I select all those and turn them off, everything's gone except this line. And because layer Zara is we only thing turned on, I know that this hasn't been assigned, so it's kind of a quick way of making sure of and you've got is assigned I can pull out on tables and it disappears. Okay. And it would just give me a warning, but it's been moved to a frozen layer. If I now turn those on, everything reappears. So we've created a new layer. So we've created our two new layers. We've got tables and we've got chairs. But I want those to be certain color so I can set that in the layer manager by clicking the color here. Let's make jazz purple. Okay? And let's make tables. Let's make this kind of pink. Now you'll see non-evasive actually changed in both change layer. This is on tape, a table layer. Okay. I'm a table. I set the color 11, but it's not general reason is not set to, its color is set to buy block. Forget about what by blot names because we haven't got the blocks. But we want it to be set by layer, which basically tells it the color is controlled by the layer. You could give it a color of its own, but you lose control of being able to change it. All. Change all your tables in one go. So where possible. Things really should be set to bi-layer. Okay? And now you've gotten and you can turn the tables off, and you can turn it off. 26. CORE SKILLS: Layers 03 : So we've looked at setting current layers, and we've looked at layer names. Let us look at a few more of these options that we've got in here now. So we've seen how we can turn things on and off. And we added some furniture and we turn those on and off. And we know we could, for instance, turn our internal walls of by selecting this, okay, maybe we want to turn our hutch enough. Okay? But we also have this comb hair, which is, it's actually called phrase. And the opposite is four. So this is one of those things a lot people don't understand the difference between turning on and off and freezing it and foreign it. Okay. So first look, if I was to freeze the hatch layer, it disappears. Okay. So it looks like it's done exactly the same as turning it off. But there is two fundamental differences here. And I'll show you those now varies. A selection tool that is not used very much in Arts Academy is just to type in all. And it basically means everything. If I was to say if I was to select Delete, okay, and I type in a double L, all that's going to select everything. And if I right-click that is deleted everything. So let me quickly. So that's delete all basically. And you can use that. You can move all, okay? And you can move it, but if you type in all that will select everything. Now if I turn off the sketch layer and I go delete all and delete it. It's gone. If I've entered on a hatch layer, nothing comes on because even though that was turned off, when I chose to delete, all, still selected it. If I freeze VAT layer, okay, and I go deletes all. Okay. And it's gone. And then I far it comes about so far is the main difference. When you turn things off, it is just a display thing. You just turn off the visibility of them if you like. Bastille that. And they will still be selected by a lot of commands. When you freeze them. It removes them from the drawing that can still be reloaded just by unfreezing it or foreign it, whichever you want to say. But they really, they removed from a Jordan. They won't be selected by any future commands until they are on frozen. Also, a process of removing them. It means they're not using resources. So if you have something that's quite detailed, lots of detail and is really slowing your drawing down and mechanism how to load. You can freeze our objects and the layers or objects on, Okay? And it will, it will, it won't load it in. You'll see your drawing suddenly becomes a lot faster because it's freezing out. So it can be used to temporarily just stop loading some info while you do some work on new drawing, a menu can load it back in again. It's like removing the object from a join with an option to bring it back in. So if you don't want, if you relevant delete something that you might need later, you can consider just creating a layer. Sometimes I create a layer in a drawing and I call it temp delete or something like that and I just fired and anything, I won't read off the amount, wouldn't they need again upper layer and it just helps you out. So you know, you have a high deleting things and you might end up the same way. You never really want to delete something in case you need to again, maybe it's a bit of a harder, I don't know, but just freeze and it makes up kind of more user-friendly if you lie, the next column is lock. So anything, if I let go with the doors, if I lock that layer and I select objects, okay. If I was to delete now, you'll save a doors were deleted. I can't do anything with because it's an unlocked layer. So it won't let me do anything without layer while it's locked. But it's good when you've got busy drawing and you keep selecting things by accident, maybe move in an odd Lima Maxon, you can lock layers and it stops. You slept in them. Color, pretty self-explanatory. As long as things are set to be, to have a color but set by layer than whatever color is in here. That's the color variable type comma k. And you have all these different ways of choosing colors depending on how you want to go about it. Line type. So in the lesson about line types, you'll learn all about them. You can't set them by the layer system, okay, In this layer manager, Same with the line weights, transparency, how transplant you're always can be set by the layer so you don't have to do on lines individually. You can set all your doors to be fairly transparent. This hatching for instance. So you could say be 30 percent transparent, so it's a bit more faded and you can see objects in cyber wall. This column here print, maybe they want certain things to print. You can put notes on your drawing. For instance, this wall set to be demolished at these lights, not work in that kind of thing, would come up in your drawer in but it wouldn't print. You might not want it to print for whatever reason. If you didn't want some vintage print, you can just select this layer. And now when you print Withdrawal match, in this case wouldn't print. Okay. Now, viewport freeze is I'm going to I'm not going to look us. This layer chapter is going to be quite early on because it's such a fundamental thing to know about layers. But if I start telling you about things like viewport phrases, you really not going to know what I'm talking about because you won't have done the chapters on paper space in model space here, we will be doing a lot of view port freezing in the actual example chapters when we get onto them. So just ignore that for now, but these are the main settings you will do. You can have things not print transparent, the main action, or there is phrasing and turning things on and off in this layer manager. Okay? So that's a basic overview of what layers are, how to create them, and how to generally work with them in terms of color and line type and turning them on and off. You'll get to use them in the individual courses. And you'll get to use it. Things like, you get to look at things like layer control with viewports, lights are on book. But it's a basic overview. That can sound a bit complicated. I appreciate that, especially when you not use to actually use them in practice. But believe me, when someone gives you a complex join and asks you to edit just one particular item. Having the ability to just turn all the other items off and just work with that. So maybe you needed to edit all the windows. You can just turn it off for an authentic allies much easier. You're not slept in lots of different things by accident, especially in a busy Jorn. That's when you'll appreciate layers. Okay, so that's an overview of a layer system in AutoCad. 27. Creating and Assigning Layers: So in the call chapters in the core skills module, we did look at layers and the importance of layers, how they allow you to turn things on and off set closed line types, that kind of thing. And it's important the ears, those just to make life easier. But also if you go into a company, they will expect things to be on a certain level layer in terms of ACOTE standards. So we're going to look at now we're going to add some layers into this jar and put individual objects on the correct layer. The first thing We're gonna do unto his home and you're gonna go to Layer Properties. And we're going to bring up the layer box and we're going to create our layers in here. So to create a new layer is this symbol on the left. I'm going to click that and I'm going to call this first layer external walls. Now when you type in a name in layers, don't try not to use spaces and things that I'm not even sure it will let you. The way most people do it is to capitalization. So capital letter, start of each new word with our space. So capital a, capital W, external walls. Okay? I'm going to press Return. I'm going to press Return again, which will add a new layer. Internal walls and windows and doors, and and lighting. Okay. And I'm going to add another one. I'm going to call it hatch because we'll be adding some hatch and move on will be taxed. And never one dimensions. Okay. I'm not although for now. So we've added all those. We can close this down. And we can look at putting these onto a layer. So we're gonna go round and we're going to select objects. Are we going to put them on two layers until everything is accounted for? We don't want anything on layer 0. Layer 0 is woman comes in when you 0 Mileva exists in a new drawing. Really, we don't want anything on that. We want everything to other layer associated with it. Now, a good way I do, I use of making sure you've selected everything is to shift, select all your layers apart from Layer 0 and turn them off, okay? And close out. So now all only things on layer 0 will show. And we can see, we can see all our drawing because it's own layer 0, but as we, as we assign its layers, it should disappear. So let's try that out. If I click on a light, for instance, and what I can do, I can right-click select similar, and it will select all those same blocks because we're all the same block. I'm going to pull this down and I'm gonna put them on the lighting layer. And it will say, we'll get one in one or more objects has been moved, is just giving you a warning if you didn't if I layered just been turned off by someone else, you didn't turn off yourself. You'd think, oh, I've accidentally deleted my objects. Just done a ton of layer. I'm gonna do the same for Windows. I'm going to go Select Similar and put those on. Windows. Does similar. And we're gonna make sure I select this one as well, which isn't a block. So I'm going to select both objects and I'm going to put onto the top layer. And now I can just select all those total walls. It was a bit. Keep your image command is warning. And then external walls, everything's gone. So now everything is assigned to a layer. I can go back to layer properties, shifts, let them turn it on its back. Now, I want to set some colors to these objects when they do that through the layers. So first we need to do is select all and make sure that the color for all of your objects is set to bi-layer. If you don't know what that means, you may need to re-watch the properties and malaise modules in a comatose. But you should pick you up just by watching this example. Because V is a set to bi-layer, that means the color of each object is set by the layer color. So if we go to the layer manager, for instance, doors, I'm going to make the door layer blue. Okay, So the dog layer is set to blow. Now all our doors of Cumplo, because we're all set to color by the layer by layer. Same again, we can do that in Windows. I'm going to make these green, doesn't matter which shared agreement. It doesn't even have to be gray and you can choose whatever color you want to lighten. I'm going to make orange. Okay. I'll do for now. So we've got that color now jar and it's easy to say, it's a lot easier to differentiate between the objects. Now one thing I will say, if we just copy one of these lights are, you can see this block is taken is color, okay? It is applied across the whole block. Now if I double-click a blog, if you double-click block, it will come up with this edit block definition. And you can select you block. And it kind of takes you into this edit block space. So it's like a mini joint space just for editing block and it will allow you to make changes to your block. So let's say I put this the individual lines inside of a block. We're on the let's say they were on the windows layer. Okay. I'm going to close and it will ask us to save. If we save these changes, go now. Because any change you make to one-block will affect all the objects. So all these lights and now green because the lines inside would put on a Windows layer. And that's overriding the block layer. So the objects inside or override Min we can solve are easy enough. We can go in and we can put these objects onto the correct layer. Okay? Okay. We'll close out, save, and now it saves all those blocks. So I just wanted to share that if ever you were using a block and you change its color just by clicking it. And it's not Dayton is because the symphony inside the block is overriding. Okay, and that goes for line types as well. Any, any kind of properties like that. So now we've got our objects on the caret layers. In the next chapter we'll look at just fill in a maze walls would have hatched to make it look better. 28. CORE SKILLS: Hatching 01 : So next up, we're going to look at hatching. Hatching can be, well, it can look complex, but there's some basic principles to stick to and colors all Hopkin really. So we're going to create a basic rectangle guy. And I'm just gonna do it by, I say, some Finland lab. Okay? And to create a hatch, we have this icon here under the draw command, okay? And we have some, some different options underneath. For now, we're just going to go straight on heart. She says when you use most is this Hatch command. And it can also be done by just type in H return. So you kind of shock for That's the icon there, Hatch. Okay? And now you get a new toolbar with a whole load of options. But the pretty basic first of all, there's these two options to choose, a hatched area. And you'll use, depending on what your object looks like and how crowded your journeys you might use one or the other. But we'll look at those later. For now, I'm going to select, I'm just going to choose a select command. Okay? So here we have a boundary, so it's a clear boundary is a rectangle, which means it's closed, okay? There's no openings in it. It's a closed line. So we can automatically fill a vase. If you imagine, it's a bit like the paint bucket tool. If you've ever used any of things like Photoshop and things, you want to fill this with a pattern or a color or both. Okay. If there's any gaps him is line. The fill is going to leak out and you're gonna get some if it's going to fail or you're gonna get some kind of crazy behavior. So you want to be always using these closed lines with a hatch. And we'll look again, we'll look a bit more about that later. But for now, let's just create a basic cash. So we've got our select command, which means select an object to hatch. And then we can choose our pattern. So you can click this little button here to bring out a bit more, give you a better view. Autocad comes with Always kinda standard hatches which go back to some of them, the old hands-on days where different things would represent different types of brick work and blood work and not kind of thing. So it includes all those basic catches and generally these are good enough to get you free. Most things. You can have concrete, you can break all that kind of thing. So if I wanted to make this into just some diagonal lines, we'll choose that one, okay? And we're already, I'll select so now I slept objects and you'll see, if we zoom in, we get all these diagonal lines. Okay? The thing is, I know looking at this is just going to look like a kind of Solid hatch because the lines are too close together, so it's no good at the moment. And that's where our properties panel comes in, which is the next kind of box. And here we have different things. We've got potassium which will change between this kind of pattern. So where it says pattern, it means we use it in actual design libraries to diagonal lines. We could change it to a solid hatch, which is just a full solid color, which is this is also the pattern, but you can change it here. Or a gradient which is basically a, it will change from blend gradually from one color to the river. And you've got different types of gradients. You can have it going back to the same coin. So you've got these different gradients, a, you could have circular ones. Okay? But we're going to stick with Putnam a moment. And this pull-down rarely, That's the three main types of heart. So you've got solid hatches which you just saw. You got the gradients and the patterns. And they're all, you can't just choose them all in here. Okay, so if we wanted to saw it, we could have just slightly solid instead of a diagonal lines. If we want to gradients we could have selected. To be honest, this is the way I usually choose my department. I wanna just slightly in this bottom box. Okay, and we left. So we'll go, we'll go back to these diagonal lines. And we've got this pattern here. And now the next line is a color. So Colonial this hatch. And you've got always kind of index Cause we can click on markers and you get even more. You can click on True Colors. If you know the actual code, you could type R n, okay? You've got all different ways of selecting colors. Generally, I use this index, is usually an affair first, okay? Is usually in the field to choose from. So let's make this red. Okay? And this option here Is a background color. So by default, background color is just empty. It's kind of transparent. It's whatever is in the background. But we could change that. So it's a blue curve solid with red lines. Again, we can, it's hard to see and as we zoom in because I was our lines are too close together. Don't use that much To be honest, I usually have no background. And the main thing to change for us here is this, the distance between the lines. And that can be done using this hatch pattern scale. Okay, so it set to one. And that's too close together. Let's change that to 10. And now you can see we get a nicer kind of pattern, which will actually print as a pattern. It's not, we're not too close to go. It just merge into one mass. So you can see these diagonal lines. But supposing we wanted them to run the other way. Thus, this option here angle, if we change that to 90, we can now have them running meaningful way. If you wanted to invert. We could change it to 45. Okay. On 35 will be horizontal. So maybe you wanted to represent some thin lines, wooden kind of in. You could have a combination of scales and angles. You can make it look however you want. So these are the main two properties are changed, the Angular Misko and the angle is only rarely only diagonal lines. You wouldn't change the angle rarely on Brit work usually or anything like that. Scale. Certainly every harsh, if it's a pattern, it will require a certain scale. And then we've got transparency. So let's say we had a solid hatch and we add some fun underneath it. We wanted to fill in a room maybe just to show just to specify that any room highlights the med needs a carpet, for instance. Okay. But we still want to see the things in my room, which was furniture my room texted my room. This solid Hatch would overpower. You won't be able to say we can set a transparency, okay? And that allows you to actually see through the hatch. So you can use it as more of a kind of indicative reference kind of thing, but it does come in handy. When do you use up? It can also we saw it touches that can be a bit overpowering when you print them. By putting transparency, it just kinda blow them out the maximum, less overpowering. So that's the main options in terms of properties. Okay, So we will ignore this for a moment. These more advanced commands. 29. CORE SKILLS: Hatching 02 : So I'm gonna go back to our Home menu and I'm going to, I'm going to select the polyline, okay? Now, let's just draw by I roughly, I'm going to draw a region. Okay. So if we were to try and hatch vest, this is open, this doesn't the ends don't meet. So we've got an open area here. So let's look at hatching again and we'll slip. This is diagonal line. Okay? Now I'm gonna go select, I'm going to select object and you can see what it does. It kind of this is all okay, but where it's got an opening, it just kind of ignore that line. It will just go from here to there. And what is done basically create a diagonal line between these two points and just fill in my area, which probably never going to want to do. So. If I don't do that, you always want. I'll do this with a simple fill it. You always want to make sure your areas are closed off. And now when we select to hatch, and you can see we get this nice trimmed out Canada. So try to always close the boundary line, okay, now, let me delete that. If this was on the UNAR, show you a solid hatch. So a solid hatch, which we've seen before. If I was to select this line here and right-click, it just wouldn't do it. Okay? Whereas with a pattern it can kind of bridge with a solid hatches just going to it's just going to leak for if you're trying to fill this with paint, him. A reward is you're going to pour out, think of it that way, That's an easy way to think of it. So if ever you do a solid hatch and it just won't work, such as rat back and it's a clue that you've probably got an opening in your line somewhere and to look around and just make sure it's all closed out. Okay. So if a closer again by fillets in it and there was this other option on the hatch, so as well as slept an object to hatch it. Okay. We can have pick points. So what Pig points allows you to do is just say in fill this area. So rather than slightly object, I can just click inside an area and it will hatch it. Okay? Now, the thing to remember with this method, it requires, this is very simple. This is very simple joys of a simple object. If you've got a complex jar and maybe enacted to allow or a mechanical layout. Lots of things going on. You've got texts, you've got lines. Autocad has to actually analyze that and say, where will we want less, what does he want? Fill on it. And it's actually more complicated with anything over you might know this is just a room outline. To also cut, It's just a line. So it has to go for an analyzable. If you've got a complex joint vis can be quite resource hungry and it can use quite a bit of memory. It can even cause crashes if it's a large jar. I just don't really like using this anymore. I prefer to actually draw a boundary if is not one already I can use and use with select command, okay? But pick points, That's how it works. You basically just so if I was let me demonstrate some circles. Right. That okay. And I was to hatch, if I was to select that circle, it's going to hatch all of the circle. Okay? And this is where I pick points will come in handy if it may be didn't want this middle part. If you slept, pick points, it's going to select the enclosed area and it will count outline as part of enclosure. Okay. So maybe you just want it to hutch where these overlaps. So that's where you would use Pig points overslept. But usually you would want to hatch and enclosed area in which case attend to use a select option. Now one thing you can do with hatch, which does come in very handy, is you can trim, you can use the trim command on a hatch. So if I was to do a solid hatch, actually let's do a line harsh and select this object. Actually, I didn't want this portion hatched. Ok. I wanted I wanted just this one actually use pick points. But maybe I didn't know, maybe it was a combos joining pick points would have messed up AutoCad. It might have to resource on grip. There's lots got a majority forever raising attainment News pick points. But now I want to get rid of this hatched area. You can just use the trim command. And like you do with a line, we'll select the object to trim, right-click or Enter, and then select the hatch, and it will trim that hatch out. So you can use trim on how GKE is extend on it as asking a bit too much, that would be that would be a nightmare. It's certainly if it did work is crushed most drawings. But you can use trim. And yeah, that's that's pretty much the basics of hatch. The rest you will. There's not much else to learn, but the rest you'll learn just by using it. But we have other things to know about hatch is we have this associative hatch option. So what does that mean? Well, if I was to if I was to change, if I've hatched this object here and now the object changes, it stands to reason the hatch, usually it won't change with it. So if I click this rectangle and I use the grips, I just left-click and I drag it. Maybe that's where you'll save a hatch moves with it as well. I'm raising my hatches moved with it is because it's associative. Okay. So if I was to create another hatch and I term is associative command off. Now I'm going to move this rectangle. You'll save a hatch doesn't move with it. But what you do get with a non-associative hatch is you can click the hat and you get grips for the actual hatch itself. So you can always edit separately. And you can also do more with that. And it's just under grit you get if it was with a rectangle, say you don't get those grips with an associative hatch because it's tied to the grips of the object. So really depends what you do in most cases that say you want to associative. But sometimes you might want your hatch to be different. If you've done an associative and you want to change it, you can just select hatch, go ahead and click that and it will turn associativity off. And you'll see now we've got grips for our hatch. Okay. You can then turn it back on because once you've once you've kind of untie advice, it's gone. You can't switch it. Also, you could right-click go to Properties and a lot of that stuff you can change under the normal properties box including the associative. So associative, yes, you can just change that to know. Okay. There you go. So that's how much, that's the basics. Again, have a play about with it, get used to those commands, but just put it into practice into the chapters you will soon become second nature. 30. Creating Hatches: Okay, so hatching, hatching is fairly self-explanatory. You should have gone over him a call module, and that would have given you most of what you need to know. This example, we're just going to hatch our walls. Will do that because these are individual lines. We don't have a clear boundary. So the best way of doing this would be with pick points. And that will mean we can select a side hatch. Okay. Now I don't for me is my preference not to pick too many things in terms of color map before you set it, you can always change those. I just generally like to get the hatch in the in the correct place. So I'm going to click Pick points, okay? And I'm going to leave it. I'm not white color. Remember, everything can be changed. And then I'm going to right-click once for hatches in. But I'm going to click hatch itself. And I'm going to pull out onto a color and I'm going to pull out onto I'm going to use one of these graves down here. Okay? And I'll do that general edges because sometimes you can click the wrong thing in half. You have to read it a hatch. And if you've set up all your options and then you need to redo it, you got there. But every time it's easier to just get the hatch in and then mess about with the options later. So this one is going to be these internal walls, again with pick points. So you can see that I made a mistake. Now what you can do, you don't have to do it all again, you can just type E, Z undo down here. You can either type you until I can just click that and it'll undo your last selection. Okay, So you see, it keeps doing that. This is a clue to me that something is wrong here. I've got hatched leaking out. There we go. So in our circuit thing. So what also cut wants to see is it wants to be able to make this boundary like that. But if your if you pan off the screen, also cut confinement difficult in this case, it did. It is one of those things. Sometimes it's trial and error, but when we tried to appear because that line was off the screen, it was leaking out and filling the whole room. So if you get up funny behavior, just zoom out. So you've got the actual whole pick point area in your screen. If you zoom out too much, you'll find it hard to pick points, Okay? I will. And then right-click and that's done. And you can see now if I click this, it selects all the, even though these could be different classes, separate kind of boundaries, it selected all of them as one object. So if I change the color and I make this into a lighter gray, everything changes. But we've got kind of a subtle difference in color between the internal walls on the external walls. And this would actually be classed. There's two objects, so we've got two hatches, but there's many, there's actually many different boundaries here. This is a boundary. To me, external walls, this is one boundary. The boundary. The boundary. There is an option. If I delete this hatch. When we go to hatch, we can say is under options, create separate hatches. Okay? And with that selected, we're actually going to become separate objects. Now. It all depends. So if I click out, you'll say it doesn't slip. The other half is it just slipped. And all of these now are separate objects. It all depends what you think you might be doing with them in the future. I would say with this external, you would usually want to change the whole thing. If you change the color of it, something that you'd want to be able to select the whole thing in one go. So I'm going to redo that and I'm going to go I'm not going to have create separate hatches. Okay? I'm going to do it all as one. So now when I click one of them, selects a whole lot. So I can change. I put it on. Now you can use grips on hatches. So say if this will move to but I could drag this hatch, move it about its put on different wall point and snap. So you do still have the ability to edit them individually with the grips, but things like colors and properties you can change all in one go. So the next thing I'm gonna do, I'm gonna put this and I'm going to put it on the hatch layer. And I actually signed ways two different colors. So these are not bi-layer, These are assigned individual colors, which you can see up here. So that's hatch. Fairly simple, fairly self-explanatory. There's not much Multiservo. Australia is one of those things you play about with it. You get the hatch you want. Please don't think you need to do a solid hatch, an internal wall. It could be that kind of pattern. So you don't have to follow this course exactly. Let's say let's go millimeters. So maybe you want to show it was some kind of brute work or maybe this one was. So he could show it like that if you prefer. Is entirely up to you. Again, viscosity, I encourage you to just play about do things your own way. I'm just showing you how to do them, but get it look however you want. You don't even have to use the same dimensions. But yeah, that's how much. 31. CORE SKILLS: Advanced Selection Tools: In this lesson, we're going to look at a more advanced way of selecting. We looked at selecting very early on. It's one of the basic skills, which is basically clicking. But there are other ways of selecting multiple objects. I left it will literally because, because you do need to know about things like layers and close to appreciate how to use this. But once you, once you do know that the selection tools is quite powerful, relay, so there should be a joining your resources folder under basic modules called selection. Okay? And if you open that up, you'll see we have these circles and squares, just random sizes, but they are different colors and they are under layers. So we have layered blue circles, blues, grass, et cetera, et cetera. Okay? And you could use this to practice your layer control and turn layers on and off, putting things on, credit layers, that kind of thing. But in this lesson we're going to look at the Quick Select tools. So let's suppose we wanted to select all the red circles and nothing else. Well, we could go wrong. What could click the red circles individually, but supposing there was lots and lots of them. One of the easiest ways is to click the red circle, just one of them, anyone. And then if we right-click, you say we have this option, select similar. If you swap out, you'll now see all our red circles are selected. So what also cut is doing? It's saying we basically tied also can go and select anything else that's similar to this object. Okay, Let's try it out on the green squares. Select similar green squares. So it's a great command and it can come in handy, but it does have its limitations. The whole concept of slept in similar, it needs to be based on a certain property, so close layers kind of thing. And if I was to take this and we have a circle here, and I'm going to put it on the green squares layer. And I'm going to select this red circle and go to Select Similar. You'll see now it hasn't selected that. So also cut isn't selecting all the red circles. What it's actually doing. It's got some kind of priority built in. It's looking for things on layers. Layers is a main priority. Look for objects on the same layer. And if he's not in the same way it worked, selected. Okay, So select somehow it's one of those commands. You try it and you hope that it does what you want. But if it doesn't, you need to do something else. So it's always worth trying, somewhat similar. And if you've got, if you use one to select all the text or something like that, or all the internal walls on the internal walls layer some tonight will work for you. But if you've, if you've got bit more complex of enjoyment, it might not. So it's worth trying. And when it works, it is a great command, believe me. But what do we do if we want to? Refine it further. Okay, well, let's I'm going to bring up our Properties panel. And we have here quickselect is put some hair guy. I'm going to click that. And you'll see now we, this is, it brings up some options. And here we can specify what we want to select in terms of a multiple selection, okay, So the first option is applied to entire drawing. That's basically means as it says, everything image or an object type multiple. I'm just going to click on Multiple. And now what do we want? So we want, if we want this, let all the red objects for instance, we can say, okay, well, the sludge for our entire drawing, I want multiple objects where the hover color of red, okay? And how to apply, including a new selection set. So we want a new selection set, and I'm going to say, okay, now nothing's happened. And that's because our red, we need to differentiate between the different codes. So on the colors, we have red, which is this one. But then we also have ways reds. Okay? And what you'll find is veins are actually under this red 200, 520 to 39. Okay. So let's try that again. And let's say this time entire jar in multiple objects where the color equals. So 532, 39, including a new swatches that OK, and now it's selected all those red objects. Okay? Maybe we want it to do. So. Multiple objects where the layer is equal to green squares include a new set. Now it selects everything on the greatest squared layer. You can see it's let see this is actually on the green squares and circles, so it's selected. So you can use this to create a new selection. Sometimes you've already selected everything. So let's say we've got all those selected. We can go to Quick Select. And this time instead of entire drawing, we get this option here, current selection. So maybe you only want to work on his first half here. So you can select those objects. We don't want to deal with anything any matter what a is. We just want this. We go to Quick Select and we can, instead of entire drawing which will slightly as well, we just go current selection, so it's only going to deal with a collection of objects here. This would be useful if you were just looking at objects. You want room, for instance, instead of a whole layout. And now we want objects whose color equals green we used include a new selection set. Okay? So now it's led to these objects with Jerome agree. So you can use quickselect on a selection. You could also say, okay, I want to slit the whole thing. So a current selection, multiple objects. I don't want any. I don't own anything on the blue squares layer. So you can say layer equals blue squares. And instead of including new selections that I want to exclude that from the selection set. Okay, so now that it's deselected those blue squares. So you can see you have all these different options. You can select things by layer, by color, by line type. So maybe you have lots of squares that were dashed. You didn't want to slit them. You can do it by line type, scale plus bi line weight trans always, okay. You can either even have things like these functions. So, so in my current selection, and the color is not equal to read, including new selection set. So now we're going to select everything that isn't red. Okay? So that's quite powerful. Again, in a small jar, in a kind of small objects we have here. It seems like it might be easy, just click them individually. But when you've got a big plan, just made this list of, this is a great way of selecting things. And you can add it to the selection set, you can include it. You can have. So, so just a quick way of selecting objects. And I wanted to leave it until later on, before I told you buy it because you needed to know what layers were about closing line types, fix, appreciate how you can differentiate, but that's the quick select tool. I use it when it's inevitable that I don't use all the time, but every now and then, it's a massive time-saver. So it's good to know about it. Um, I select similar. I always Java. If, if, if an, a multiple objects, I always give it a go because this is just a right-click and then click. So it's so simple and when it does work, yeah, it's great. So that's the advanced selection tools. 32. CORE SKILLS: Arrays : So, uh, never modify command we have available to us is the array tool and the eraser tool. It is good for when you want to create multiple copies of something in a particular pattern. So I'm going to just draw out something here. This is going to be a floor plan and it's going to be 50 millimeters. Let's just make it 50 millimeters by 50 meters, psi by 50 meters, just to keep things easy. And up here, I'm gonna go and we're gonna draw column, okay? And again, to make it easy as 500 millimetres by 500 millimetres. So that's a column in the corner. Now I want to space these columns are columns in a kind of a grid pattern overlay over this building. So you could Copper and, and let's say there are five meters apart. I could copy and kinda go five meters and do it that way in. And now this is a long-winded way of doing end. Azoles always have AAS covers, usually easy ways of doing things. So the easy way in this case is the array command. So if we click on map, we now get asked to select the objects. And I'm going to slip up on and right-click. And now it comes up with all these options and a new toolbar and a kind of visual display of what's going on here. So already it's done. Four columns and three rows, okay? So rows are going to outweigh columns are this way. And you can see the upper four columns and three rows. And if I was to change this to six columns into it, updates here to six. The spacing service space between them is 750. Now bear in mind maps from the same, similar points is not when it's a space between. It doesn't mean this space. It would mean the space from but top-left corner of the square to that top-left corner of the square. And you can say it's 500, which we know plus 250. So it's the distance between two similar points. And then it's got the total distance, which would be the distance from here over oil along. Now we can also drag it out here with the arrows. We could do it that way. Maybe we knew the distance between was five meters. And same that way. Now it's going. Now we can just use these arrows. Okay, and it's not going to quite region because this 50 divides by 5. So we could move this maybe I'm just gonna do it by eye. Maybe it was something like that. Okay, and that's our columns. And we can set distances, maybe it is changed. So there were actually four meters. Separation means we've got an extra couple of rows, extra couple of columns and rows. So it's so easy to create multiple instances of the same object. And you can edit arrays. Once you've done that array, if you click Connect, you get options to add eight to replace items and all that kind of thing. So arrays can be really powerful. It can save you loads of time if you're doing some thin lines, anytime you doing things uniformly spaced, like you want to be thinking of arrays. But maybe, maybe I add a circle. And some Finland. And I wanted to put these around this circle here. It's the same thing is still an array. So we have arrays as free types, as rectangular and polar array. And the next one we'll look at is polar array. Okay, so we've looked at rectangular array. So if you pull that down and go to polar array, now this is when you want things in degrees rather than rows and columns. And again it will say select objects, so I want that one right-click, and now it needs a center point. So where is the rotation around? And it's going to be the center of that circle. And now again, you'll see it's already done. A visual kind of display is given a guess, can change that. So we have number of items, which in this case it's given a six items with 60, this is in-degrees now, so 60 degrees between each item and it's filling the whole 360 degrees. Or maybe I wanted, maybe I want to like a clock face, so I want to 12 items. Okay. Now it's going to die is going to change the angle between, because obviously 360 divided by 12 is 30. So now we've got, alright sums that we don't have to go over free, fall, free 60, we could go just 180. But some things always got to change. One of these as always got to change if you go down to 18 and you keep 12 items, it's going to now be 16 degrees between the two. Or you could keep a six items and now we'll go back and they will ECE can fiddle around with these. And you can change what you want. You can also have rows here. So maybe you wanted six rows going out. You can do that kind of thing is pull up about 46 day. And so you can do these kind of patterns here. You could have levels. You can change things that you can replace items and reset again, it's one to just play around with and you work out what exactly how you can use it. But that's the basic method behind it. And you can use these arrows to change settings as well. So you can actually snap to points on existing drawings, for instance. So that's a polar array. And this is a rectangular array, which is small. Now we have a type of array. I'm going to a polyline. And imagine this was a fence. Maybe it goes up and it's got, let's say and then a line. Maybe you've got for some reason you've got a line like that and you want to put some finger along it. So this is a offence, is a weird looking fence police offense and misses a fence posts, and I won't fence posts all the way along this line. Then we use this path array. So we click that. And again we slightly objects, right-click, and now we select the path and we click out. And same thing comes up here. It gives us a guess about what we want. And usually I'd say Miss case, you would have some fun like a distance between. So maybe you've got ten meters between. And so you can sell A's friends posts along this line. And you could change that. Say maybe you just need the total number of items or the total number. Again, you can have rows. So you can do that kind of thing. Levels which is more afraid a finger and a pin high. And associativity can change based upon textures, directions, measurement, you can align them. So in this case it was a circle. If I undo that, suppose in our drawn a rectangle and I'll do whatever. You have drawn a rectangle. And I'm just gonna go supposing I've drawn a rectangle along here at UVA array again are slightly Object Path. Make, see what happens is a rectangle rotates and it follows a curve and the angle of the line. And that's because it has this align items on. If I was turned off now you'll see the rectangle remains in its same position all the way around. So there's different options you can use. Again, play about with it. There's times when this comes in very handy. Is the number of those commands that you don't use all the time. It depends where you doing that either is it all the time, but every time and when I use it, a really do need it. You can see it's a massive time-saver. And thus arrays. So yeah, Have a play about with them. And fairly self-explanatory. We old versions of auto card doesn't have as much of this kind of previewing and dragging with grips. So it was harder to see what was going on. Now with these new versions away, it gives you that preview straightaway unless you drag things around, it makes it so much easier to visualize. But that's arrays. 33. CORE SKILLS: Working with PDF Files: So in this chapter I want to talk about PDFs and how we use them. We've also cut I've got a drone open-air, which is from our architectural example, cause it doesn't matter what John is. We're just going to use this as an example to show you a few things we can do with PDF sonata cut. Now the simplest thing is to output to a PDF. And a lot of the times people will see PDFs of your drawings. If you start sending people the auto CAD file, the DWG file, unless they've got Auto CAD awesome kind of cut view of a not going to be able to open it. Also in industry, a lot of time you don't want to be settled in drawing files out because you'll just lose track of the current of whether A's people could alter it. Pib can move things that are not joined, gets passed around to someone else. And things have been moved. And ultimately they'll look at you and say, why did you draw it out? But it could have been the person that sent it to someone else has moved things that edited things jar and has become basically corrupted because it's been edited. So if you send a PDF, it's fixed. It is just a PDF and people can't change it. And the way we do that, There's a couple of ways in art. So catch, the traditional way is to print to PDF. So when you set up just like you are printing to a printer, but you could choose one of the PDFs. So autocad comes with surveys, PDF settings, and if you've got Adobe installed, you probably have an Adobe version as well. So if I say, and you've got, depending, if you've got images of free day things, you might want to go high-quality. General documentation for joy and lightness is usually okay. If I leave everything else the default. And that will ask me where to save it. And you just click Save it and it's done a minute. We'll open it up. If I've got Adobe Acrobat Pro installed on my machine, it does depend on your database if you've got a free version or whatever, but I want to show you when you create a PDF, it isn't just taking a photograph, an image with PDF a actually. It keeps a lot of the intelligence of the drawing. And if I go to the side here and I click CMS, we've got layers. You can see, you can actually, you could actually have some layer control in majora in, and I can turn my layers, my internal. So even though I'm in PDF, OK, naturally turn my layers on and off. And the reason it can do that is because it has less intelligent stored in the PDF file. It knows what lines and circles and it knows what layers. I'm not just a photograph. Okay. Now. If someone wants to print this out on a piece of paper and then scan my n as a PDF. Obviously you would lose all that intelligence because a photocopiers scanners just taken a photograph of it. And that might have sounded obvious, but it's something to remember later on. When we go into what else you can do with PDFs. Base is two different types of PDFs from a CAD file. There is this tie which, which keeps the intelligence. And there's a type which is just a flat PDF image, which it doesn't know the difference between a line or a circle or tax, or just whitespace is just different goals on the image. Okay. And in certain times it PDFs can be emailed around a lot that can be printed and scan them emailed again. So the further along the chain you go over more chance you've got Office intelligence being lost. And it's better to be working with the original PDF. But in most cases you'll just want to send the hour and people will just look at prints it, and that's all they'll do. So I did mention those two ways to create a PDF. We've looked at print into PDF via the way is simply really is just export. So you can go, if you click that big a, go down to Export, export to PDF omega, and you can choose what it includes and options for your PDF creation. It's doing exactly the same as a print and you'll see, it's asking, you can still choose between these same kind of autocad PDF Presets. And you can choose what it is exported and all that kind of thing. But that's the other way. Click Save. And it's basically doing the same thing. All the versions of wild-caught might not have vest, so depends what version you're using. But that's the other way. Both to exactly the same thing. Just up to you which one you use. Now this other type of PDF is, I've just created one from the same file. Hopefully you can see just in a way it looks. We've got the blurriness and things. So this is the type of PDF it would have been maybe scan then awesome thing. And it can be followed like a photograph. There is no lines or any intelligence in here. If I pull this out. If I go to layers varies nothing because it's as if he's taken a photograph and it's just colors rarely. So even though it's the same dry mass, two very different types of PDF. Now I'm going to look at how we can use those in AutoCad by bringing them in. So let's just go to a new, new drawing here. And suppose when we wanted to have pdf n is some kind of reference in our drawing, we wanted to use it, but we only had V image file. Okay, well to bringing the PDF, we go to the Insert tab where, and this is where we can insert all sorts of things. And we click on this PDF import here. I'm going to bring in the image drawing. Ok. And you'll see we get this when we import PDF, forget some options here. And it's asking us, most of these are to do with this intelligence and how we want to bring it into auto car. Because VC's V image file, we need to make sure we've got raster images checked. Okay, if we don't have that chat is just going to give us an error that say no objects are important because it can't find any kind of intelligence we talk about. So when you have a PDF awesome with just an image, you need to make sure you select raster images. And now it will bring that in. And you can say we can use normal commands on it so we can rotate it, we can move it, we could copy it, we could scale it. Okay. And you have a drawing. You could put it into a, you could go into layout and you could have a new viewport for instance. And it looks like it should be part of a join. So if you were to move your viewport around and kind of try and take out the title, but you could almost get away with pretended it was something you drawn, but you don't actually have a gist of a PDF. The problem is when you do that, inevitably someone's going to come on say OK, knee, just edit vessel there and you have to say, Well account because I only have the basic in each file. Now they used to be some software around that was actually capable when you had a PDF, they still contain V, the intelligence. We have a type of PDF. There was some software that was the fuel is used to use and it would actually recreate that in AutoCad and a couple of versions of auto CAD ago. Auto could actually a muscle up company. I'm a Incorporated interests into water cup, which is really good because now if you have a PDF or you know, someone else has created from AutoCad, it's a file that retains our intelligence. You can bring up backends. So if you go to Import, and this time we'll go to this PDF here that we know contains all the information. We don't need. The raster image is going to leave it alone because it will, it will default to importantly information when it's cold air pumps could turn it off. And you have some options there, but how it wants to convert solid fills to hatches will do that. You can employ as a block. There's a few different things to play about with. I'm just going to click, Okay. And you can see it goes through some calculations. If it's a big file, I will say contact while because it is doing some impressive stuff there. But now it's brought up pdfs. And if I click on something, you'll say, I can click on lines. I can select this DAW, OK. Now, it doesn't retain things like blocks, various options you can play about with options and you might be obligates do it, but things like this dimension, it will see it as separate things. It's not that clever. It will damage now is exploded into kind of the arrow head. We are a line extension, that kind of thing. So it's not gonna be as good as the original, but It's a lot better memory drawing. Now sometimes you have to play about with scales. The thing I would say to do is use scale reference. If I was to measure the distance of this line. It's actually done quite well here. This is brought into the cell. It's fairly easy miss case because this file is literally just come from my computer and being PDF if visited, been email passed around, depending how they've done it in paper space. And if you had different views on different scales, you might have to do some scaling, but you can do that just with the scale command. Find the dimension. Okay? Use this, use VAT and make sure you go down to reference. So use a dimension which is on the drawing as a reference. And then type in what I mentioned, say's. And it will scale it to the correct size. Once you've done that, you've got your drone. If someone says I want you to change it, you can change it. So that is such a good command. I cannot tell you the amount of times I've had to recreate PDFs in the past, even when we didn't have the software available. If you go back a few years, you would actually get work to recreate PDFs in order to occur. So, yeah, one thing I will just say, oh, there's a reason people like to give you a PDF rather than a drawing. And there could be some copyright issues is a bit of a gray area doing this. Not all complete one, it's a half a cup file, but that's something I'll leave up to you. In this case. I just want to demonstrate how PDFs can be used and the main waste output to PDF to send it to someone or bring a PDF n to uses either an image or geometry in your drawing. So that's PDFs. 34. CORE SKILLS: Working with a UCS: So now we're going to have a look at the UCS and what exactly the UCS is. This can be another topic that people struggle with is fairly simple principle. And it's basically altering your coordinates. So we're going to just go is of course building Lao Harris is just an example drawing in the architectural cost. Don't worry, you don't need this. Is Mall. Something to follow on with. If you want to. Just draw a rectangle, can do assign film of a rectangle. But let's say this. I'm creating my actual model here and I'm drawing a Mrs. Nice and easy to use because it's at a right angle. Gaviscon hair is at a right-angle. So if I was to draw a line in this room, and I turned off on by pressing F5, I'm joining a same kind of angle. So as easy. But let's suppose this was actually created in its correct coordinates in terms of its position on a phone, it was actually align some fit my lab. Okay. So maybe you are the road running here on the site. And this was a building. Now I wanted to address. So you can see as I'm drawing, if I am creating lines joined to joy, mystery we fight. So an ortho on offer works that way, is right angles our relative to the screen. So it's difficult for me to do things because I want to work in these axes. It would be good if I could temporarily change this x and y so much the corner lot building it would make my life a lot easier on my eyes. Basically, what you can do with the UCS. So this is a UCS, this is a coordinate system. Okay. The correct way to set up those visuals, ACS, this was a coordinate system and the main one in AutoCad when you open a joy and how it set its x and y. Okay. Is world coordinate system, it's, if you like, it's a default. Think of world coordinate system is the default, and that's done with WCS World coordinate system. So I have brought this drawing in a world coordinate system and it happens to be at an angle. Okay? So I want to create a coordinate system just based on this building, which will make it easier. And that will be known as a user coordinate system is being signed by me, the user to use temporarily to make my life easier. So UCS is, can be found on the desktop. And we have WCS, which is a world coordinate system. So anytime you want to go back to this, to this default, you can swipe WCS and you can't change up. There will always be this coordinate system, world coordinate system. But I can create a new UCS or use a coordinate system. I'm going to click that. And you get some options about how you want to create it depending on what you've got to go with. Okay? So the easiest way is to just click. And now it's going to ask you to select the part of the x-axis. Remember the x-axis is kind of alone. The bottom if you like. So we wanted the x-axis who want to be this wall here. So I'm just going to select any point on this. And now I can right-click it. And what you can say, our cursor has altered now. And the crosshairs are actually in line with our building. So now if I draw a line and I turn Ortho on, the ortho is in line with upbuilding and it makes it much easier to draw. Okay? Now my view is still, the null view is still tied to the world coordinate system. But you can see our view cube here is aligned to our new UCS we made. So if I click Top and I use these commands, I can now actually be viewing in our User Coordinate System. And you'll see it's changed. Doesn't say UCS, it says unnamed. Okay. So I can work happily now with this model and I can be in the same kind of orientation, but haven't affected It's point in space and its orientation. I haven't destroyed the main file. You could always go back to that. And if I was to type UCS, okay, I'll go back to these commands where we created our uses. I can click essay named and I can save. And maybe this was, I wanted to call this building one. I can save that UCS and you'll see it's changed. It now says building one. So I can work. You miss anytime I want. Now it's saved image join. I can switch to the world coordinate system. And I can go back to the main view. So that is, well, this is a kind of default or world coordinate system looking off. Okay? But if I wanted to work on this building again, all I need to do is change this now to build a new CS. And I've got in line. And if I want to, I can change my view to match depending on what orientation or just using these commands. But it's all saved and it makes life a lot easier. You can imagine how awkward it is to try and work on some phenomenon angle. So if you find yourself doing that, do yourself a favor, create a temporary a UCS. And save it and then work on a menu can always switch between the two and it will make your life so much easier. It also stops errors creep in NMAC kind of thing. Also, another thing to remember is the actual coordinates themselves and the origin point. So it might be in the world coordinate system. This was in a city, maybe London, New York, whatever. And it's created two cities. All cities in all places in the world have different coordinate systems are used for different projects. If you're working on a large project, maybe a project which gives a large part of the city. The project might have its own coordinate system with a base 0 somewhere. It might be using a national coordinate system of the country. Wherever you use in this drawing might be placed by a surveyor NMAC correct. Location. So you can get kind of latitude and longitude of a point, your x and y. We'll refer to maybe latitude or longitude or a local coordinate system for the side. When you create a UCS sorry, when you go to your building use, yes. But when you place the original point, that is where your 000 is. So it's just one thing to remember. Don't, don't give a surveyor anyone, any coordinates from your user UCS. If you use the mat, you will want to even, even this, the jump would have given you a new UCST use based on that system, or you just, you working in W CS world coordinate system. The user UCS should be for others, just something based around that building. So in this case, a building coordinate 00 of a building UCS is where. But the world coordinate system. Well, it's only heavy consider example, but it could be anywhere and you could be working to actual coordinates. Okay, So if that sounded a bit confusing, you might not need to know it. If you're just doing work for yourself, you create an objects for you or are you just doing layouts maybe for real estate, that kind of thing you probably won't need to do is just if you're working on big projects where there's a large site layout or civil engineering mechanics. And when you might be working to reaction coordinate system, and when you bring some frame, it goes to the coordinate axes up in real life in terms of latitude and longitude. But that might be the case or in terms of a's things. Now things are a local site coordinate system. Most of the time a big project will have its own coordinate system. If you work on something like an airport. Aftermarket, Heathrow airport in London, and Nazca, its own coordinate system. So you will be, everyone would be work into that. And when you insert something, you just say Insert and it's currently in its actual location, it comes in right place because we're all using the same site Coordinate System. Refugees wanted to work on a terminal building. An angle like this in my airport. Terminal building would have its own UCS, which you could then work on. Oops, easily. And every amass, everyone's able to use Ortho and everyone's work at right angles up, but kinda fun. But then when you put it back on psi, it will all be done to a WCS, which is the airport coordinate system. Again, if you if it's confusing, you probably don't need to know it. If you're not used to working with coordinates already. Don't worry about it. But that is just an overview of UCS is what they are and how they work. 35. CORE SKILLS: Working with XRefs: So a method we use a lot in our circuit is we use things called external references. And we tend to short-term not Robinson external references over time that they're known as X refs. Okay? And the whole kind of principle around X refs, well, there's a few reasons for doing it. One is file size, another is just ease of change and join Control. And I'll go through what they are now. So we've got this. Again, this is from the architectural cost that we do a misses a building layout. And if I go to model space, you can see we have this building here. Now let's suppose I was very architect and I designed this building. All I'm concerned with is the building itself. Somebody else, a civil engineer or a landscape, or someone's, created an office park somewhere. And they put in lots of different offices. And this is just one of them. Okay. So I'm as they acted, I'm not concerned with all of your external things. All my job involves is creating this building layout and then give it to somebody else to the client. Also aren't of a company involved. And they will take my file and they will put it in the kind of landscape of where it's going to go. For instance. Now that our drawing is concerned with things like cowpox and traffic and roads and all that stuff. So they just want to be able to bring my building filing. If I then decide to move this wall, for instance, bit to the side, I don't need, I don't want to be phoning around all these different people who've brought my drawing and instead I changed it. So you need to move you all 508 millimeters. Same as item. Obviously that wouldn't work. So the way things work, and this is something you can use in your drawings, even if you just work in for yourself, you can use vest to good effect. We have these things called external references. So I'm going to have this new drawing. Ok, and let's say I'm going to make this 100 meters by 50 meters. So this is just indicative. And let say this is kind of enough is the area where the offices are going. I could get a CAD file of the actor or whoever, and I could go, okay, I want to copy this. I'm going to paste the unoccupied as a block, so, so it's a block, okay. And I could have a few of them. Maybe they had fray light up and maybe yeah. So the three offices with but then if something changes, I need to get that drawing again and I need to insert it again. I need to make sure I've done that. Which means if something changes after level on this, it just becomes a nightmare in terms of file management. It also means this drawing. Now, I might have a lot of detail in this drawing in terms of landscaping and roads and that kind of thing. The drawing could get fairly large in terms of file size. Well, it's going to get even larger. We're not bringing all these offices because they also contain information on lights and windows, things I don't need. So when you go down, I might then take, send my file to someone who puts it into an even bigger site layout. And you can end up with huge file size is because you've got all this information in. So the best way to do it is to use what's known as X refs and it's under the insert command. And as usual, the best way to explain this is just to show it in use. So we have these references here. And I'm going to go to attach. And when you go to touch, you get a dialog box is asking you for file, but you can attach all sorts of things. The default here is an image files, but I can attach all different cut files. And what I'm looking for here is a DWG, which is a auto CAD file. Okay? So now I can select for building join that the architects have me. In this case, it's our office layout. So I'm going to open up and I get some options here. First thing it's asking me scale now, if a join you've been sent is an actual drawing to scale, you shouldn't have to change this, okay, you should leave it just as one insertion point. Again, if we architects is created, we officer in actual coordinate space in the coordinates in the world in terms of where it needs to be even you wouldn't need to. You just want it to come in where it, where it comes in. But most of the time you'll be specified on screen. Rotation. Again, I would say specify that on screen. Okay? And let's click OK. And now it's just like when we click on paste, we get the option to bring in our office and to rotate it. I can turn off or on the islands it there. Okay. And I'm going to right-click. And I can copy that. And there we go. And you might notice it's kind of grayed out. Now. That shows advice and x ref and what an X ref has done. It has an inserted any of this information in our actual drawing. What it's done is it's set to auto CAD when you open this drawing. Go and open raise over joins in the background. So the separate files that load and end and displaying in the background, but would be information result starting miss join. It still remains the original. Okay. So. Hopefully that makes sense. I'm going to show you that if I type in x ref, when you can bring up this box which is the x ref manager. And this is where you can manage all the X refs in your drawing and some joins, big joins can have many X refs. So we've got this hair building one. This is extra 50 is pulled in and when you click on it, it highlights just to show you which one it is and it saves a path where it was found. This is just a powerful my computer. Yours, if you're doing similar, will be different. But basically you can see it's loading in a different drawing. Okay. When we load restaurants, so when you go to open it or to cut opens this file drawing for a minute goes as extra CE, and it loads in movies and displays when in the background. And it's important to note that it's just displaying it. Okay, now I can open this x ref by right-clicking and it opens it. And you can see that it is a different drawing. So let's say me architect and I decide forever rays and there's going to be a big circle there. I don't know what it is. It doesn't matter. Ira. So I changed that. I'm going to email it out to everyone involved. All the architect needs to do. Now I open my drawing and when I open up, AutoCad, realizes it's out of date. So it says an ex ref was modified. And it will pick up because I would have got the drawing from your acceptance saved over. Okay. So if you miss a message where we can say down here, you get this tub manage X refs, okay? Which is your extra if managers same as typing X ref. And I get a little comment, said it needs reloading. Because I saved over, it's realized that this woman displayed here, it's not the latest file. All I need to do is right-click and go to reload. And it will save the references changed. You can even compare the differences. Okay. If I was to quit, yes. Say it's kind of cloud around it is detected what these new and it's showing me what is new. Okay? And I'm going to select, Okay. I'm now, by the way, is brilliant. In older versions. This is some fair Cayman in fairly recent versions. And it's a great way of seeing what's changed. So now all my extra efforts have updated our stoke not got any of this information, so don't miss actual joint. It's loaded. Emma, background. Now you do need to make sure I would've had to save overview phyla juices vector for the latest file, for all that to happen with some file management going on. It depends how you want to do that. If you wanted to keep it different, you might have up to reinsert, really kind of define the file, but this is just an overview of how extra work. I'm not as a general principle for bringing in over drawings that are other models, sorry, but remain external to your model v. But don't. Bringing intelligence and information into your file that don't increase your file size. It just says to this drawing when you open load vessel of a drawing in the background and puts it here. And this, it might seem complicated. I get it. If you're just doing some food for yourself in your own office, it might seem unnecessary, but it's a good way of managing things that change a lot. Because you don't have to keep remembering where whichever joins you inserted it in and then maybe forgot one in your plant. Let's say that's the wrong, say our date version. All you need to do if you've got a drawing, but even certainly lots of other drawings. For instance, URI chain, if you've done as extra Fs, you only change that one dry months and it will automatically update when you open your joints or at least it will tell you about it. Okay. So that's actress. Again, it can be one of those things some people struggle to get their head around is it's fairly simple principle. When you break it down, The best way is get used to using them if you go into industry, will definitely use them, I would say these days, but just get used to using them myself and it will become clear. Okay. So that's extra. 36. CORE SKILLS: Paper Space & Model Space 01 : Okay, so now we're going to look at model space and paper space. This is one of those things in our circuit for a lot of people can struggle with. I still work with companies and people now who don't use it properly, who seemed to have given up even trying because of the way in bizarre ways to get around it. It's a very simple concept. Unlike most of these things. Once you grasp it, you'll never forget it. And once you start using it properly, you realize why we need to do them. A lot of people don't see the point in having a different space in model space and paper space. But that's because they're kind of the way they get round. It makes a drawing worse. And maxilla, people's life more difficult. You'll see why and I'm going to explain it hopefully in an easy way to grasp. Okay? But first what we're going to do, we're going to open in the resource file for building our one drawing, which is our building layout. I'll close the properties for now. So in auto CAD, as you've seen, we always draw actual size. Wherever it's something, a small mechanical pace or which is actually going to chose One-to-one actual size on the paper. Or it's a layer of a large building or even a sum for like a retail part which is huge. Maybe it could be something that could be a city, it could be miles, miles wide, doesn't matter. We draw that actual size in terms of units, okay, Now, units might be set to miles or meters or millimeters, but it's still going to be drawn at Joel size service building for instance. I'm going to go, we have a tool, a pair if we haven't looked ready depending on costs you doing, what was measured tool. Okay. And I would say this isn't one of those things where autocad tried to improve it. It's not necessarily in a bit as a tool for measuring. And if you click this arrow, you can measure the distance, the radius, the angle, the area, volume. But then he's got a standard books and just measure a mat. We'll also coupled try and guess what you are measuring. The problem is, it can be a bit resource hungry if you've got a busy drawing. Sometimes it doesn't help. So I tend to use the distance. If you pull this down, you got distance measuring tool and it's just a ruler. Ok, so now you can click on two points. And you can measure distance. And our distance is 20 thousand millimeters, okay? So 20 meters, in other words, this building is 20 meters wide. Now, if you were to print my actual size, you would need a very big printer to print some Victorian teammates as y. So you would put on a sheet of paper, whether it's a, an A4 sheet, a free whatever size paper you're going to print on. You would have to show it to scale. And we'll look at scales. But the concept is you would show it smaller than actual size. However, it's drawn to actual size. You don't want to start drawing things to resize it you're going to print if he was going to miss out on a piece of paper, surveys, it was only 10 centimeters wide on the sheets of paper. You don't want to be having to do that calculation. Oh, okay, I'm gonna draw this. It's actually going to be 10 centimeters wide f of this room, isn't it needs to be you've got if you see what I mean, you'd have a calculation through every time you created a new object, how that would scale down. You don't need to do, I know it's cut. You shouldn't divide out or cut. It defeats the whole object of using auto cut, you may as well be using some fun light paint or PowerPoint, okay? Auto CAD is a precision drafting tool and you draw everything actual size. So we draw this but 20 meters wide the way it wants to be. And then what we do, we have everything here drawn to actual size. And this is known as our model space. So this is our model, our model of our building created to actual size. In model space, we've got the black background here. And if you look at these tabs, this one says model. So we are in the model space where everything is created actual size as perfect real-world. We also have these layout tabs. Now, acknowledged that there's two of them. Okay, we're only going to work with one. If you click this layout tab here, you'll see the screen, the background has gone white. And this is known as paper space. When you're in these layout tabs, this is paper space. What we see now is how it will print out. It's kind of like a print preview, but you can work in this space. So if I do have a measure again, and I measure this distance, this black line here, and these blocks with attacks, this is called the title block. So this is what you will print out, which will tell you what your journeys tell us. It's a building plan with day, the initials, maybe drawing number, blah, blah, blah. So if I measure the distance here is 261 millimeters. So that's probably what's going to fit on a piece of paper for my printer. 26 centimeters. Okay. So again, this sheet is designed to fit an A4 piece of paper at 26 centimeters, and it measures 26 centimeters. So ignore the building, pretend that wasn't there. Okay. If I was to copy this, move out. This is a drawing shaped for an A4 piece of paper and it's drawn actual size. Again, everything in our circuit is drawn actual size. So our paper frame is actual size in paper space. Our model is actual size. In model space. This is 20 thousand millimeters. This is 260 millimeters, okay, So above John actual size in the relative space. So how then do we show our model? In this piece of paper? For this, we use something called View polymerase is where people get, people get a bit confused about what's happening. I want you to imagine you look out your window. So if you start narrow window, look out that window now. And I'm presuming somewhere outside of that window you can see a building. And that building is probably many meters tall. Okay. But your window frame might only be one meter tall. Yet you can see, maybe you can see the whole outline of that building. So you might be able to see a 20 meter high building and see the whole outline of that for a window frame. But it's only will meet at all. How does that work? Well, the building's fire away, so you're you've zoomed out, if you like, the building is set way back. So frugal will meet a square window. You can see a 20 meter building. If you remember that. That's all you need to know is how a view port works. Okay? So what I'm going to do in this frame, I'm going to insert a view port on a viewport is a window, is a window from paper space to model space. Okay? And the way we add that window, because we're in the Layout tab, we will have this available towards her layout. Okay. And under that, we have layout viewports. There are different ones. Just go for rectangular now just click on where it says rectangular K. And one is going to do now is just like drawing the rectangle. One corner, another corner. And you should now see your building layout. Okay? This rectum we've tangled with just drawn. We can move up, we can do things with it. Maybe we'll put over here. We can use grips, we can change the size of it, but this is a window, this is a window looking through from paper space to model space. And if we double-click it, we can go into the windows. And now we look, now we kind of controlling the view in this window if you use your normal view tool, so your middleware, you can zoom in and out. You can pan. Okay. You'll see that changes in size. Now, we're not, now it's important to remember we're not changing the size of this model. We're not affecting this modelling anyway. All we're doing is just an overview. So the example we used of looking through your window and seeing a building, if that building was writes up to you, you probably save up. Okay. If that building was a mile away, it might look like that. And that's all we're doing here. So we set it to how we want say if we, if we just wanted to make sure we saw the whole thing, we can use a double-click zoom extents. Okay, and we've got the building in our window. So now we can see the whole building. And if we double-click out of here, what we could do, we could kind of use the Move command with a base point. We can move up in here now and we've got building loud. So we have a paper space drawing frame, which is John to actual size. We have a building which is still actual size. We have an alternative at all. And we have a window from one to the other where we've set the view server, we can see it. Okay. And Well, what's important to remember if you were to print this out and you were to try and use it, nobody would kind of know what scale this is. We tend to use scales. So different drawings. If we just zoom extents in this window and you add all sorts of different joints that none of them would look the same, but orbits of different sizes. So you tend to use standard scales. And I don't wanna get too much into engineer, but scales would be some fill light one to 100. So one to 100, for instance, would mean that a 100 meters in model space would equal. We'll meet her in paper space. That's how the scale works. So when you say wouldn't want a 100, it just a ratio. And we can do that easily and cut so we can double-click in our window. And instead of using the Zoom command, if we look down here, we have the standard scales kind of setup. So if we wanted to show is actual size, that will be one-to-one. And if I just upon it a bit so we can actually let me do it on something. So if a cell is it one-to-one, but its actual size, so we only get a bit about wall because a 100 millimeter wall, that's how it's going to look at actual size on pay on a piece of A4 paper. But we can try that, maybe one, let's say one to ten. That's still way too big. Okay. So it's going to be something more like 12 one hundred one hundred one hundred outside is perfect. So if i is to an official actual scale of one to 100, okay? And we can use that. 37. CORE SKILLS: Paper Space & Model Space 02: And maybe another drawing we had. We went through the same process, but it was only constraint on this room. Will then we might have, say, 10 to 50 or 12 to 40. Okay? And what we can do with a sideways view, pauses window, it doesn't have to go to fill this whole frame. We can use grips on it and we can bring it in like this. And what you get a view of just that room on this drawing. But what's important to remember, we're not changing anything about, we've still only got one model in model space. If I was to insert circle, we've got a table in that room and go back to paper space. You can see the table in a room. You can see it in this view. However many views we had, we could have a 100 types of blocks and different scales and everything, but we haven't were any viewing intermodal space to see what's in model space. And in model space. There's only one drawing. So that's how they use. And you could have, you could have as many as you want. You could maybe have visit one to 100, Something like that. Okay. Let's move on into the middle. And you can have lots of A's. So a jarring is fairly unusual to see a drawing with multiple viewports. But remember you've only got one model. You've just got lots of different layouts. And that will then allow you to print this model or a portion of it or whatever you want. Any view you want on a normal piece of paper to scale without having to change the model. Okay? So I appreciate it can be a complicated for a lot of people struggle with a lot of people have been using CAD for many years, still struggle with this by the way. So if you haven't grasped, if it seems a bit complicated, we'll do it perfectly understandable is probably the one thing in auto CAD. That's hard is to teach. And that's why I use this window example. People can kinda see that life, he might need to watch this again. You might need to create some youself a mess about with it. That's why I've included this reference drawing. But once you grasp, it just becomes second nature. Now, what else do you see people doing? If I take this drawing frame or title block, which is a proper name, and I use a clipboard so I do a copy. Okay. And in model space, I paste it. This is how I say a lot of people get around it. Now remember everything's drawn actual size. So one of broadly saying this is, this is the actual size a piece of A4 paper would be to the sides about building. So people then go, Okay, well, I'm going to scale up and I'm going to pull it. But I'm not so people get around it, but you can see you've messed up nothing. You build an actual size, but now your title block is whatever size it needed to be. And that's always going to be. If you were doing another join of this build is room, you would make it smaller and you text me differently. That's how people get around it, but it's not a good way of doing it. The other way people get around it, which is even worse, is to take a copy of a building. Okay. So then I would copy of a building and scale the building down. Now you can say that is asking for trouble because now your building is no longer actual size and you can't measure anything now, you've basically lost all that information. If someone comes along and says right, how long is that all? Oh, I'll need to have out because of changes side is just a nightmare. And also cut has this facility for a reason. The main thing to remember, everything is drawn actual size and kept actual size. And the way of doing that is by having a model space, which is your model of a building, the creation of a engineering component, whatever. But remodel and paper space, which is your paper. Okay. So yeah, trying had Rama again in May projects, we're going to use these. There's lots of powerful things you can do with Viewport controls, turn layers on and off and think, we're going to look at those later in your different causes. This is carbon overall concept. So if isn't quite a 100 percent in your mind, don't worry just by using it and seeing a use case for it will it will kind of become concrete. If it's really going above. You had just re-watch this video and try, and try and remember the window analogy of looking for a window and that everything is actual size, okay? Now, in paper space, you can do all the same things it can do in model space. So I'm in paper space now. Okay? I can create objects, rectangles, circles, wherever I can create text, I can create dimensions. Okay? So I can put dimensions somewhere. Thing to remember is your units are different because of the on a different scale. So, whereas in here, if I was to put some multi-line text is going to be tiny. Hypha is probably going to be 250, 250 units. Okay. In paper space. Height is only 2.5 because you've got a scaled-down happening is a lot smaller. And what I tend to do, and what I prefer is to have all my text and dimensions in paper space. The way to look at is paper space with his fingers. You want to print out on the paper model spaces, anything related to the model dimensions as something you want to print out on the paper. Because you're going to use this same model. So in this example, for instance, you will overall dimensions here of a building. In this example, you probably want dimensions. Let me put linear dimensions of the room. Okay? Maybe we'll want a window. Size of the window because this list view you've created here is relative to just this room. This view is relative to the whole building. If we were to start putting dimensions in the model. If we were to damage in the room here. And I'm not going to worry about the scale and have a look. If we were to put dimensions here, I'm in dimensions on the outside. Okay? When you will see them in every view. So you can see we've got this dimension is in the modal space or can't get rid of a and x is in the model space, okay? So they're shown in every view. Whereas things like dimensions and texts tend to view specific. You want to win some views, some not. So. By doing them in paper space, you can choose what you have and also the scale of them. If you have room numbers in your plan. If you all zoomed in here, that real number is gonna be a lot bigger because you've zoomed in. If this was, let's say we had a full view in this plan and this was going to be one to 40 of room. Okay? You can say if, if very motu symbol was bad in model space, it would be huge in this view. But by keeping them in, in paper space, you can keep them the same size relative to the rest of your drawing sheets. So it meant it makes sense to put it in paper space to me now you're going to get different opinion on this because it is, is an argument that is ongoing and some people think it should all be in model space. Again, I don't, but that's just my opinion. If you use AutoCad yourself, do whatever you feel comfortable with, I will say is easier to control different views when you've done it in paper space. If you go into a company, you just going to have to do it, how they do it. Okay. They'll go in and say I did an online course and someone told me I should realize you probably not gonna win any friends. So. Just do what they're doing. Make life easy. But I prefer to do all texts and dimensions like that in paper space. Now we have a thing is on your drawing frame. Okay. You've got tags that you can change in here. And it is just normal text. Chinese DoubleClick is exactly the same base drawing frames are drawn, say it's a block. Also good works exactly the same in pipes, dresses. It doesn't model space is just two different kind of zones, if you like. Now, a title blocks VR in your resources folder for this course, and you'll see ones in inches, ones in millimeters. If I just open. And you'll see now, we've got quite a few tabs in this drawing. You can have as many papers spaces you want in any drawing file, you can have one model space because in theory that should be where your model is. But you might want many, many types of blockchain, many different things and you can separate that in layouts, but like you do further things are the types of software. And what we've got in this title block drawing, we've got the largest such block is 800, which is the large sheets of paper. And then we've got different sizes of paper until you get down to a fall, which is a type you would have in a normal home printer. For this one, you could have horizontal or vertical space or a landscape or portrait depending on what you are wanting to show. And you can you can change what's in the jar in-frame just by double-clicking attacks and doing the tax edit on it, okay, you can select the whole thing. So if you wanted to use this in a future project, you can select the whole thing, go to your clipboard copy. And if we go to building 001 and just quit paste, you can see we can bring it in here. Okay. And now we can go back to our layout, a rectangular viewport. Create that. And then we can give it a scale. And it's exactly the same principle. You have a drawing on a drawing frame to scale, okay? And this is something we'll do in the project causes, in the project part of your course. Again, this is just an overview, overview of a farrier and how that works. So hopefully if grass or if you do grass, but you know, more than a lot of people in the industry and people have been doing for many, many years never grasp this. Mainly because I don't sit down and try and get your head into it. So if you have well done, if you haven't, please watch it again, if it's only kind of 75, 80 percent there, you just need to put it into practice, which you'll do in the project part of the course, provides an overview of paper space and model space. The differences between the two and why we need two different types of spaces. Server, everything can be drawn one to one. 38. Adding a Titleblock: All right, So we've, we've already created our building layout. Now we've got our model. And we've put it on the credit layers. So we've got some cuts standards going on. And not say it rarely. In terms of this beginners course. And create in your architectural model, you should have all the necessary skills to create a building layout, to scale to the correct size I'm using whatever dimensions are, various imperial or metric. How to create blocks, you know how to hatch you now to then put those objects on a layer, create a layer, specify a color, that kind of thing. So what we have now here is a good card modal or Mrs. Beth and I say from people who have been using kept for a long time. People don't use layers. People put everything on layer 0. Don't have all the different colors without using bi-layer as much as some joins are a complete mess. And if you can just follow these simple rules, even if you are creating a building many times this size, just follow simple rules and you'll be creating good cut files. So we're going to move forward now N terminus from a model, we're going to create a drawing from it. So what we have here in model space, we actually build in old John actual size. This is what would be known as a model. Okay, and that's kind of a different differentiation to the model in a drawing. The drawing is what you print out and give to someone, is to scale as the text, the dimensions, that kind of thing. This is a model. This is your building to actual size and you could do various things with this. And you'll see when we get onto the kind of different viewports of how powerful this convey and why you would use paper space and model space. So Let's go into the layout tab. Also cut defaults with two laptops. Don't worry about tissues, l1, Okay. You'll see our background has turned into the white background, showing that we're in paper space. And we have a wind, a viewport window here. You can click on, and it's just a generic one that you get when you start auto cut. Okay, So we're gonna, we're gonna bring in a title block and we're going to change is the first thing I want to do is turn our grid off. Now we've been working away quite happily with is grayed out Gridium about great, doesn't really get him away. It's of no use, rarely tools, but it doesn't really get him away. But it does tend to get him away when you got your white background in paper space. So I'm going to turn off, I need to turn it off in model space. But I can do that via paper space. And ANOVA sounded really complicated. But let me show you what I mean. I can double-click inside the viewport. And I can now select parts of a model. Okay, I could delete things or can edit this model. I haven't gotten paid in model space. I'm still in my layout tab. I'm in paper space, but I'm actually working on my model. And that's because we're in some fun here called tiled model space. And all that means is. We're looking through the viewport window into model space while still being in paper space. Okay. Is it permitted so complicated? Don't worry about it. Just remember there's paper space, which is west where you, you can't select them because we're in paper space with modal space where everything's actual size and you can't even see you paper, but there is this tiled model space which allows you to go between the two. Okay? And it will become obvious why you need that later on when we start doing different drawings. But for now, what I want to do is just double-click into it and turn off the grid by selecting that and then double-click to get out of it. Just double-clicked off to the side. Okay? Because it is annoying that grid is an ion when you're in paper space. So we're going to bring in a title block. And what I want you to do is go to Open. And in your resources folder, you should have this Terraform Friday, which is kind of a standard title block, is one in inches or millimeters the case. So I'm working with the same wherever you've been working. I'm working in millimeters on this drawing. I'm going to open the millimeters title block. And this is kind of a standard title block, just a generic one. As an example. See, this is why you can have multiple tabs because we have an 800 wana means with different sizes. We have A1, A2, A3, and A4, vertical and horizontal. And these are all in their own tabs. So what I'm going to do is go to this A4 horizontal, okay. And I'm gonna draw a window around everything. Slept at all. And I'm gonna go to the copy, but not this Copy to Clipboard, Copy to copy it to my clipboard. I'm then going to go to our building layout and make sure I'm in model space. I'm going to pull this down as a paste to original coordinates. Okay? And it looks like nothing's happened, but if I double-click my middle wheel to zoom extents, there we go. We have a title block in our paper space. Now this kind of generic viewport that is on the auto CAD default, we can use the grips. Now. I'm just going to click OK corner and I'm going to put it in that corner. And this corner, I'm going to put into the air. So I've added it to our viewport, but often they are because we haven't, we haven't actually moved to the Giardia. So by double-clicking inside it, okay, I'm going to get our join back in the center of the screen. But chemosensory for window, I'm going to double-click my middle wheel, which will zoom extents. And now I can specify an actual scale. So let's try one to 100, and that looks perfect. So I'm just going to use the middle. We'll pan to get that centered. And I'm going to click, double-click out here. To go, it's put back into paper space. So you can see this is the reason we have this extra tailed model space. Here. We have our model. Here, we have paper space. But without the Talmud spaces, no way of seeing how they look together. If that makes sense, we can edit our title block here. We can move our title block. Okay, we can move out where we want. But we don't want to be moving things in model space to try and get them into the right place in pipes burst, all we need to do is double-click inside and we can use this kind of viewing method tailed model space to get things looking at. So that's why you have. Now one thing people think, when they say this, my white paper is grown, something's gone wrong here and nothing's wrong. As we've said in the module, all that's happened is until you print for the first time. Also kept doesn't know what size this needs to be. So I'm gonna go to print and I'm going to select a PDF. Any of the PDFs will deal. You might not have the same as may depend on what Adobe software you've got. You should have an auto cup PDF, okay. It doesn't really matter paper size. Well, I used an A4 Landscape title block. So I'm going to select A4 size. What to plot? I want to plot. Well, in this case, we only have one thing on the drawing, on the sheet. We have our title block, so I'm gonna go extents which will print the extents. I'm just going to scale it to fit. Just you can say it's pretty much one-to-one. In fact, I'm gonna go extends. I'm going to center the plot. And I'm going to want to print him One-to-one actual size, okay? And this gives you a little preview of it just to share what it's going to fit. We want it landscape, everything else will leave as it is. And if I press Okay, it's going to print. I don't want to print, I just want to apply those settings or click Apply to layout. And now what will happen if I cancel out? You can say it's lined up nicely now in our whitespace and on our paper. And that's looking good. So now we have a title block in here and we have our join and we could move is about to get it to the right position. And once you get it right, we can left-click out here. And now when we pan, we put Omaha fail. Okay? So all we need to do now is double-click on this. Call it whatever you want, okay? If you need more space, you can drag along is just M Tech. So you kinetically saw you want you can put your initials in the day revision. You can give it a juror number of units, but that's how you would do your title block. In the next chapter, we're going to look at adding some actual text to show what this is a marker. 39. CORE SKILLS: Text 01: Okay, so in this lesson we're going to look at texts. Texts as an important part of most drawings. It's no good having lines of things if you can't say what they are. So let's look at the different types of text and how it's used. I'm just going to click on this top hat star, a star blank drawing, okay? And this is just going to load it with the defaults. So there's a big, I can say in text. So you've probably guessed that is how you create tags. And it's under Annotation tab, which has a few things, some advanced for this course, but love look at dimensions in a different lesson, but deserves less than all of its own. We are going to concentrate on this tab here and there is an arrow, see like a lot of frequency probably find it in also got various options and different ways of achieving things. So let's look at the most basic first, which is single line text. And I've selected that, I get my crosshairs. And it's asking for the start point of text. Remember if you don't get these options amazed boxes, It's F2, turn on and off. So it's just asking where do you want to put your tax and I'm just going to left-click anywhere, is now asking me to specify the height. And again, this is going to be in unit. So if you're if you're drawing things in millimeters off, it doesn't matter. You should you should be able to see what size you want your text relative to the object. So if you've got, if you're joining, say, internal walls and you know, there are a 100 millimeters fake or you know, say five inches thick. Looking at your drawing, you should be able to work out how many of those units you want ETags hype to pay, for instance. But I'm just gonna put in 2.5 in here. We haven't got any other geometry in is just to show you the text. So I'm going to put 2.5 and press enter. And now it allows for the rotation. I'm not asking for an angle. So sometimes you might want your texts, we're going to vertically alongside something. Generally want it to be the angle of 0, okay? You do have the ability to use the cursor to specify it. For instance, if you are putting in along the line, you can also turn on off with FAA to get you 90 degrees, but it's just the default is 0. So I'm going to just press enter to accept the default. And then I will start typing. Okay? And so a finished of type little sentence. And I'm going to press Enter and type in number line, okay? And I can keep typing lines until I just click out of the usual way is just click out of it all. Press Escape to end the command. Okay, so I've done that now. And I, I typed out two lines of text. If I now click on it, you'll see is two individual lines. So even though I was typing mess and oppressed return like you would in Finland, Word and create a paragraph. It has, each line is a separate object. Okay, and if I go pay, you can see we've got text. We've got our normal properties, things like layer, color kind of thing. We've got a few texts, specific properties, the content, so we could change what it says here, or you can double-click it and actually type in. Okay, we've got a style, so textile, an active or standard. Now annotative is a bit advanced for this course, so we'll just stick to standard for now. Okay? You can, you can split up the justification lefts of us is based on the point you click to select where you want your texts to start, which was this point. And just like in Word processing, you can have up to fit, that point is the center. You can have it. So it's a left, which is what you usually do. And you've got to love you. So you've got a few justification points there. If you are connecting mapped to an object, for instance, you might want it to always be moving around the object. Justification. Okay. Hi, So you could change the height here if you wanted to know what line bigger, let's say rotation. Again, you can change the rotation here. With factor. A. Factor is kind of how wide that text isn't. This is one of those things is it's probably easier to show you if I put that up to five. Okay. You'll say it just goes a lot wider basically. Don't can't actually remember a time where I've needed to change up. The main reason is I don't tend to use line textbook and we'll see why. So oblique and that's basically tell it can do. And when you've got your coordinate information, and that's line text. So it's not that powerful in terms of editing. Years ago, when we were concerned about file sizes and things like that. A lot of these also cut options. Go back to them days where you might use line text because it takes up less space. Now, we don't really need to bother about moments where these things are still in there. Most people I know prefer to use M text. And I'll show you the M text next. 40. CORE SKILLS: Text 02: Though under tax we add single line text. Single line text is, as it says, Remember when we type S and we press Enter and it didn't have a line. That's because it's creating single lines each time. We hover option is multi-line text. Now if I do multi-line text, instead of just left-click in estab point is grassroots to draw kind of a window and this is where I want to type my paragraph. Okay? So if I now type the same and then I press Enter, you can probably guess what's going to happen. Okay, back and keep precedent as much, so on. So again, I'll just click out of it or Skype. And now if I click CMS is going to slap a whole thing because it's highlighted the whole thing because multi-line text, as the name would suggest, it's creating a multi-line, is creating a kind of paragraph. And the options here. So we've got kinda the same sort of options. We've got style, we've got annotative and style in single line and multi-line text, you do have sex dots. What is this textile? It basically means font. So you can load in fonts, okay, just like Econ in other word processing software, if you want to change fonts, but they call them styles in our circuit. And you'll notice we only have standard here. A bit like the line types. Also cut doesn't when you open a new joint, it doesn't come preloaded with all the styles them above-ground because of space and things, most of them you'd never need. So it will allow you to load vermin. And we'll look at in a minute. Okay. But annotative, again us, It's an advanced topic. Justification, just the same as before, except now what it's doing, it's kind of doing it within that window you made rather than around the point direction. Okay, so you can change it. Now, what we're doing here is where changing things, you get more control because it's multi-line things like line spacing. But what we're doing here, we're changing things in my properties. Most people don't tend to do that with em tags because if you double-click it, you'll see it brings up your text window and it brings up this whole toolbar here, which is most of it's going to be familiar to anyone who's used any kind of word processing application. Okay, you've got your normal justification tools. Here. Bullets and Numbering, okay? You've got bold. You've got italics. You can change the height. Okay? You can put in symbols. So if you wanted to do like a squared sine, r cubed sine, you can just go to where you want to and you can have texts squared. Don't ask for our mains, but you can have text quit and things like Find and Replace. Find and replace is great because they allow you to. If I wanted to list. So I've got the word text, I can go find them replies I want to replace with text with. M text because this is diameter and you can match a case, you can, or you can just replace all going to replaced. So now it's replaced each instance of word tax event X. And if you've got a large paragraph, some, some joins are just text. If it's part of a series, you might have withdrawn, which is all the notes and it's just a whole load of text. Vi is a great option. Survey is a general word processing tools in terms of the style of font. You can see now we've got a nice window. We can see what's available tools. So we can go down and look at these various forms. And if whatever is highlighted, you'll say China is very much like a word processing file. Don't want go too much in depth because I'm going to guess that anyone learning colors already used a basic word process, a miss. Things like bullets is just going to be simple. This is gonna be, it's just going to be self-explanatory. So the main point of this lesson was to show you the difference between single line text and M. Text. Me personally, I prefer M text. One thing I'll do like about if you were to just click it once, you'll see you get grips. Okay. So if this was, Let's say we had a column in the title block isn't for new police text. You wanted to invite, okay. But it's outside the boundary. All you need to do is grab that grip. And you can set these to your boundaries. And it will ultimately kind of word wrap and justify the text to fit in. And if you put it as well, it'll make another column mass and now it's split into two columns. So it gives you a lot of power in terms of new tax then. And that's why I like it. Sometimes you do open a join him. It's got single line text and you might wish it was M Tech. So you had that same kind of control. What you can do versus an option. You'll see we have on the base bars here, there's one called Express tools. Now expressed tools, these kind of tools that don't necessarily fit into the main toolbar. This little quick commands may be things that have been added in light of the underexpressed sources wouldn't call convert to em tags. And if you click on that, and that will convert your texts em tags. And now you get these kind of grips that you can move around. So that's the difference between tax and M text and how to add text to your drawings. A lot of the time you, when you add tags, you want an hour on. Ok. And you can do that with these leaders. An arrow in AutoCad is called a leader. Okay. So if you see one of these eruptions, just pull down menu and so it says leader. And when you select leader, you can click and also is turned on at the moment. So you can press F8 to turn off. And I'm going to draw an object actually. So let's say this is an object. It's a table. We want the base attacks coming up with an arrow that says table. Okay, so we've got to leader. And we can have arrows Nepantla, this is the narrowest and it is going to click on i, o might just click anywhere inside. We drag it out like this. Ok. And now it's going to ask us to put in some text. So I'm going to write table. Okay? Now that looks absolutely terrible because there's a few things wrong with it. The arrowhead is tiny, but text is tiny. So the leader is actually, it comes on the dimension and it's set by our dimension style, which we're going to look at every dimension chapter. So in terms of changing this, I'll leave up for that. I mentioned shot of advice. How you do it by is how you do later. So that's how you do text with an arrow. Okay? And again, we will, in the next, next dimension chapter, we'll look up tables that you can import. You can create tables with columns and things. Again, mass one, that's all pretty self-explanatory. It's just wanted to have a play around with. The main thing with this is creating text and the difference between multi lines and single line text. That's the main point of this lesson. And as you can see, tax is quite easy. Anyone who's used to use in any of the software can pick out values. My recommendation is to just stick with multi-line text and just use it using these commands like a word processor. Okay, so let's look at dimensions in the next chapter. 41. CORE SKILLS: Dimensions 01 : So I'm going to start a new drawing again tab. And we're going to look at dimensions. I'm going to leave this property boxer, because we'll be using that if it's not on your Don't worry. Okay. So I'll share it, scale it by the dimensions we have here. There's two main ways of creating a dimension. We have a button called dimension, which you would think is how you, how you should do that. And we have this pull-down menu here, which gives you the different styles of dimension. Now, auto card is quite intelligent. It can work out what type of dimension you need. In most cases, if you're clicking on a circle, is going to know the E1 diameter or radius guy if you're quicker, angle two lines that are angles to each other, He's gonna guess you want to measure the angle. So just using this dimension button also carries going to try and guess what you want. But if, if you want to actually specify it, you can just click on the type of dimension you want. And that's why there's two main ways of doing it. You can just use this one bottom, which is kind of, here's what you need or specify the type of dimension you want. And we'll have a look at doing that now. So I'm going to create a line. I'm going to turn off home with aphasia and I'm gonna make it 100 units long. Ok, Right-click twin command, and here we go. So if I am just going to use this pull down command for now, and the simplest dimension of all is just a straight dimension, linear dimension. And this is going to ask you to pick the two points. So I want to pick the beginning and I've got snap-on. I'm going to turn nearest of us because it's going to interfere. And I get both end points. And now you can say is we, as we move our cursor, is dimension attached. So what's it will snow is where do you want to put, sir? Okay. And we need to left-click again to show where we want to. Do. I want it there. And that's created our dimension. It doesn't look very good with a few things wrong with is the text is too small. We arrows to small image up-to-date on leaders and text. It's basically how that came out. A few issues, okay? And I can see what's happening. The scales are all grown a bit light with very minimal lines or you need to give it a scale. So as with anything else, I'm going to click on it, right-click Properties to bring up our properties box. Ok. And now we can say we've got all our standard kind of layer color, kind of fame, but we've got a whole load of options here. And we've got quite a few options on the dimension. We've got all these boxes you can, you can pull down, okay, now. There's a lot of options. Most of them you'll never change, but there is a few you need to know about. So with the dimension it's, it's kinda separate into two policies, valines and we are OZ, which is vase. And it's the text. Okay, you don't want them all Berets. The dimension style and the dimensions scale, okay, like an overall style, but sometimes you want to control the text and marrows different. You might want small arrows in larger text or big arrows and tiny texts for everything. You do want separate control on both those items. So first off, let's look at lines and arrows. And if we pull this down, we get all these options here. The main one, the main options of A's top fray. And that is what type of arrow? D1? Arrow one. So when I mentioned you've got two arrows, one on each end. You can have different styles. So we're going to stick with close field, which is what this is. And I'm going to scale, and I'm going to set the scale at 2.5. See what that looks like. Okay, so that looks a bit better. So now we've got decent size arrow. We can say when we change this, we could have closed blanks and now it's still an arrow, it's just not filled in. We could have adopt. And if you're depending what you do in a more industry from supervisor use. Marvelous, okay. Willingness US law is oblique, so you just have a line like decline between them. But you could have an airline. And again, a lot of it is personal preference. Rather than industry. You can have none. You can turn off, a mess can come in handy when you just want an arrow on end because you've got an option for each side. Okay. So you could have an arrow on my end anonymous line. Most of the time I'd say 99.9% of the time, a woman both. And I will use either close filled or oblique. And a lot of what you're doing cat, you're not creating new joins over time. You're editing drawings, you opening somewhere else is drawn from a manufacturer. Some fun and new editing it. So you might just change out I mentioned to match up. Okay. And was easy ways which we'll look at, but that's how you change the arrow. So we put an arrow type and the arrow scale. The other things are just standard author cut properties or line weights. Colors, line tight, lot, kinda fun. You can change all of those. Now this is a dimension line. And these lines that go down from the arrow to your object, they extension lines. You can see you want them to have a bit of a break so it doesn't look like you don't want this fill our case. Align with those that you want. The dimensions of a bit of a break and you can set are generally, you want all these number values. Wherever you've chosen is a correct size for your arrow. You want to use the same for everything else, which is, has a number value. So we'll change that to 2.5 and we'll change that to 2.5. And you can see now it's much more of a, you can tell it's a dimension and not parts of the object. Okay? So that's the line as lines and arrows options. Next is a text option, and here, standard text of so we've got a text color. We're gonna go with a 2.5 for height. The offset is kind of where the lines are. So if we, if we change up to 55 as well, you'll say it just gives you this opening. These are the position coordinates, Standards, RACI font. If you've loaded fonts and you can match them position. So maybe you want to above the line centered in the line. You want to outside, which is the same, you want it below the line. You can change all that. Position horizontally. Might want to. First extension line or second extension line over the first extension line. So you have all these options to change your dimension. Whereas on the text 42. CORE SKILLS: Dimensions 02 : Now you can see we've got 100, but it's shown as 100 and it's four decimal places. Sometimes you might want to be that exact. Most of them you wouldn't survive is controlled under primary units. Okay. But we've gotten over 1.5 fit, so let's look at them in order. So under effect, it can have an overall scale of your dimensions. So you could scale the whole thing up uniformly, okay? If you wanted, you can have your dim lines inside. Now. Okay, now most of these options, as I said, you know, you're not really going to alter that much. Best thing you can do is service chapter isn't an hour long. Click them and silver DO. But the ones you will use most is this 100? If you want to move out and you want more control. We've already looked here where you could put it, say above or below. But even, even many, if not got that much control, few could come up. The whole thing moves as one object. So what I like to do under this one option I do like to change here you see you've got text movement. Keep dim line with text. So I like to MOOC, put on move text. Now what I will do if you click on Move text, no leader. You get a grip on your text. You can now move up, okay, and we'll turn off off. You can now have much more control about where you put up without aligned movement as well. And that's good when you've got a CO2 drawing, maybe there's a wall above viral symbol use when movie texts recited, but it gives you much more control. V over option was to add a leader. Now, this one, when you do move it, it's going to put an arrow on, but can get very cluttered. Attend to use Wes, no leader and just adjusted Myself and mass. Is if you get close to valine it or break it for you. That's generally all use on this one. Now let's look at his primary units. Precision. This is where we've got our four decimal places. We can knock that down to no decimal places. Or if you want a bit of precision, one decimal place. So let's save this line was, I'm going to add another line here. Okay? And it's going to be nine units. And I'm gonna put dimension onto Enter. So now we've got it says it's a 109. We don't want it to say a 109. If someone's manufacturing mess, they're not going to make it a 109. Maybe it's not precise if you're talking precision. Yes. But if it's just something you couldn't out of wood will just laugh with a 109 millimeters. So we want a 110. You don't need to change all the lines to be exact lengths. You can just say, let me collapse some of these. Under this primary units. You can just say we'll round it off, round off to the nearest five, okay? And it will automatically kind of Rama of the veneers and you can be as exact as you want. You could run off to the nearest 500 and 600, but probably asking a bit too much. So round-off can come in handy just to need to know those dimensions, especially when you start getting decimal places. So if it's, if it's that said 10, 9.975 or something. And you wanted to keep the decimal place, but you want it to be 0.9. You can just round it up to the nearest one and it will automatically do, okay. So that's primary units. You can put a prefix and a suffix. So you could type in millimeters and it will automatically put millimeter lens. You don't need to tie line. Or you could put inches. Okay. Or you could just put in the inches, man, sorry, eight inches. So you can deliver ML automatic way address onto all your text. And again, you can do that as a prefix as well. So maybe you wanted to say length. We can put that as a prefix it and it will add my ultimate 2. And now, if this dimension changes, it's going to change the value, but it's still going to leave a length of three inches. So prefixes and suffixes, okay? Then units, we've got different notation, different ways of, so if you've got your engine a mass given you a foot, four inches, sometimes you want to as a decimal, even in inches, an hour sometimes use decimals, sometimes you want to inflate, an engineer can change other. And this is, again, have a play about see what it does with your precision. Alternate units. Can't say ever use up tolerances. Yeah, you can add things that you can as symbols and tolerant. Again, mass that's very advanced as more of an engineering costs needs. This is just an out-of-pocket costs. So that's the basics. One thing I will say is if you want to invest to actually say something completely different, sometimes it's just indicative, okay? So it might met this line might measure 100 units, but you want it to say six miles, for instance, I don't know. So you can just double-click it and it comes up, it's just em tags. So you could write six miles long and then delete what was everyday. And you'll get, and you just like your dimension tags. But now, and if you go in the text, you will say it's actually got a text override, which is here. So you can change it there. But it tends to just double-click it. And that's dimension. 43. CORE SKILLS: Dimensions 03: So we looked at later before in the texts lesson, if we have this table now and we did lead now to the north of off, okay, and we wrote table. And it looks terrible r is basically the same as our dimension, so it can click it and we get the same kind of options. But we have instead of line which we had on the hair, we had lines and arrows. We've got later, but other than that, we've got the arrows type. We've got the arrow size, we can change. Okay? We are a type we can change. We've got the text height, we can change. Okay? We've got grips. We can move about. We can move this arrow, change the angle, change wherever is. You say. So. You can always functionality on the Alisa Woods, you understand how to change it. But E, a leader is a dimension. That's the main thing. That can trip people, cannot occur is a dimension. Okay? Now, when you've changed his service dimension is how I want my dimensions to look. And I will probably do one the same in one drawing. All your leaders and tax, you probably all want to look like this. If you do another one on over objects, you're gonna, you're gonna get the same thing if this was a chair pointing to a chair. Okay. Now you've got to go and you've got to change all that. For an auto CAD has on the properties which is part of a properties which I use all the time is the match properties. You can click on as much Properties button. Select an object you lie, you're happy with. And now any object is lead will change, Same as long as there is the same object. Or you can, if you've got another dimension, you can do match properties. I mentioned, match the properties of up to that one. Okay. And exits even because we had suffix and the inches, we have a length as a prefix means is a suffix is added. All of them options. But even that can be a bit tedious if you've got a lot of dimensions in your drawing. So the best thing to do is say, Okay, now I've, I'm happy with how my first dimension looks. Any dimension I create in this drawing, I want to automatically take on those properties. And that's done on DR. styles. So so if we go pair, we got to this annotate pull-down menu. You'll see we get options for the annotation. And you've got things like your leaders, okay? This is the same tools is you'll get in before you home menu is kind of a quick tools and the actual annotate toolbar is more in-depth tools, but it's the same things. We will change it in my property. But the one thing is you can set a style to be the default style. So we've changed this dimension. We've got it How we want, we want this to be the default style in this drawing. First thing we need to do is make this into a style itself. And we can do that. We can select it, right-click and we go, It's the dimensions that we want. Dimension style, OK, save as new style. And I'm going to call this, I'm just going to call it stumps, style 100. Okay, you can name it, anything you want. You can name it, so we call that style 100. But now what you need to do is we've given this a style. And if we go to our properties box, you can save a DEM style is style 100. We could change it back to standard, which was a day file and go back to how it was. But now we can select star 100 bad, and it will automatically change. And what we can now do wherever you've got sat on the hair. So it's under annotate dimension. This is your current dimension. Style is a default dimension style. It works like the Layer Style by changing mess. And we will see now we have style 100. So we can forget about now Kamala. But now if we set that as the establish settler as a default styling, withdrawing. So if we create a dimension now, all our dimensions from now on, we'll have the same style automatically be applied. So by changing your first one to be how you want, you can then all your others can be said, as long as that's the default style or your others will come out. Okay. 44. CORE SKILLS: Dimensions 04 : So vats, dimension styles. Now we've got our dimensions looking, okay, we can now look at different types of dementia. So linear, linear is straight line. So like I said, it was dimension along this straight line, okay? If our line up in a diagonal line and we select linear map point to the endpoint. What it's gonna do is, it's going to ask us and we can control it with my mouse D1 to measure that length. Or did you want to measure that length? Okay, now it's linear, so it has to be stray asked to be either horizontal or vertical. But we wanted to dimension along angled normal line. So the next one is aligned. And if we click Aligned, it will give us that dimension there. Okay. So let's look at some of the others we have angular. I'm going to draw a line. Okay? So we've got these two lines. Angular will ask for two lines. And it's gonna give you a distance, the angle between them. If you go outside it, it will give you this angle here of angle K, C. Again, you can control it with your mouse where it said, it's always going to keep that same default style. Maybe we've gone OK. Part of an archway or something. How long is that? We don't want a straight line distance. Want to know the length of the actual arc length, okay? It gives us, and it shows it's an arc length without symbol. So we're all quite self-explanatory of a circle. We could have a radius. Okay. Again, it's Linphone. Maybe I didn't want to show that length anymore. Okay. Maybe I can do. I can delete it from the prefix. And now it's taken out about one-dimension. See that instance of the dimension no longer shows up prefix before to change it on the style ones. Get rid of this and all of them. I can go back here to the annotate tab. I can go manage Dimension Style. Go to our style here I can go modify. And you see we've got all these options. So there isn't the primary units is the same options. We've got an R Properties. I can delete that prefix. Okay, close. It's going to follow them now because of updating the style not but individual dimension. Diameter. Well, it's going to be simultaneously just gives you the diameter polygon up and ordinate now ultimately is going to give you a coordinate. We've looked at coordinates, we understand coordinates, but if you want to show the ordinate of a point, okay, You can click the object, and depending which way you put it, it will show those dimensions from your zeros. There can come in handy when you're doing things like from a, from a surveyor and you want to you want to show a coordinate. So this vacant cetera out and jogged. Jogged is just it just gives you if you're very sure of space and coming home, they don't often use, okay, we did mentioned we've got this dimension button here. It's kind of also God's way of guessing what it thinks u1 to use. So you say variant, thanks, I'm doing aligned dimension, but if I click hint of a line, it knows I'm doing an angle. Okay? If I click a circle, it's going to go with diameter. If it's an arc, is going to give me a radius. So if I do, it doesn't break. So it's kinda techniques best guess. If you're doing a lot of dimensions, the only time it really comes in handy when you've got a lot of dimensions to do of various types, you can just keep doing the right-click and